Question 1(2 points)

Determining the split middle line of progress identifies the ____ of a data set.

Question 1 options:

a)

trend

b)

level

c)

stability

d)	variability

Question 2(2 points)

In the diagram below, #1 is the ______, and #3 is the __________.

Question 2 options:

a)	X-axis, Y-axis

b)	Y-axis X-axis

c)	Abscissa, X-axis

d)	Ordinate, Y-axis

Question 3(2 points)

The following graph can be described as having

Question 3 options:

a)	accelerating trend, high variability

b)	decelerating trend, high variability

c)	accelerating trend, low variability

d)	decelerating trend, low variability

Question 4(2 points)

The dimensional quantity of duration is described as:

Question 4 options:

a)	Temporal locus

b)	Repeatability

c)	Temporal extent

d)

Count

Question 5(2 points)

The ABAB Withdrawal design's limitations include all of the following except:

Question 5 options:

a)	potential ethical concerns for withdrawing treatment for target behaviors

b)	it can't be used with non-reversible behaviors

c)	resentment by participants for withdrawing treatment

d)	it controls for many threats to internal validity

Question 6(2 points)

________ is obtained by combining observation time with a tally of the number of occurrences of behavior.

Question 6 options:

a)	Response latency

b)

Rate

c)	Celeration

d)	Whole interval

Question 7(2 points)

Behavior analysts typically use _________________ to interpret graphically displayed data.

Question 7 options:

a)	Statistical analysis

b)	Visual analysis

c)	Numerical analysis

d)	Graphic analysis

Question 8(2 points)

Behavioral ____________ means that the level of behavior observed in an earlier phase cannot be reproduced even though experimental conditions are the same as they were during earlier phases.

Question 8 options:

a)	Irreversibility

b)

Effects

c)

Trend

d)	Sequencing

Question 9(2 points)

The withdrawal design that demonstrates the strongest validity to determine a functional relationship is:

Question 9 options:

a)

A-B

b)

A-B-A

c)

A-B-A-B

d)

A-B-A-C

Question 10(2 points)

Using a minimum of three data points within a phase is sufficient unless:

Question 10 options:

a)	there are not enough data points to accurately represent the performance of the dependent variable

b)	the data are not stable

c)	there is too much variability in the data

d)	all of the above

Question 11(2 points)

Single case research may utilize statistical analysis when:

Question 11 options:

a)	SCRD does not use statistical analysis

b)	the trend is not easily discernable due to variability

c)	a stable baseline has not been established

d)	both b and c

Question 12(2 points)

Improving academic grades is not a good target behavior because academic grades ___________

Question 12 options:

a)	are not a socially valid outcome.

b)	do not specify the behaviors required to achieve the goal.

c)	are too complex an outcome for behavior analysis.

d)	have poorly defined performance criteria.

Question 13(2 points)

In a multiple baseline across _____ design, a researcher is applying the same intervention to the target behavior of the same individual in two or more settings. In a multiple baseline across _______design, a researcher is applying the same intervention to the target behavior of two or more individuals in the same setting.

Question 13 options:

a)	behavior; subject

b)	subjects; settings

c)	settings, behaviors

d)	settings; subjects

Question 14(2 points)

Marco is learning to assemble computer components as part of his new job at a factory. Speed and accuracy are critical skills for him to learn in assembling his component. What is the most appropriate method for measuring his behavior?

Question 14 options:

a)	Whole interval recording

b)

Duration

c)	Permanent product

d)	Response latency

Question 15(2 points)

Evaluate the Percentage of Non-overlapping data between conditions A1: B1, and A2:B2 to determine whether the intervention is effective.

Question 15 options:

a)	The PND between A1:B1 is 6 and A2:B2 is 0, so this intervention is not effective.

b)	The PND between A1:B1 is 20% and A2:B2 is 0%, so this intervention is not effective.

c)	The PND between A1:B1 is 80% and A2:B2 is 100%, so this intervention is highly effective.

d)	The PND between A1:B1 is 80% and A2;B2 is 0%, so this intervention is effective.

Question 16(2 points)

Which one of the following is a reasonnotto use permanent product measurement?

Question 16 options:

a)	Moment-to-moment decisions must be made

b)	The behavior has a direct effect on the environment

c)	The product can only be produced by the target behavior

d)	Each behavior occurrence results in the same product

Question 17(2 points)

A significant and immediate change in behavior should be depicted as a jump in the data path either upward or downward would identify the changes in:

Question 17 options:

a)

level

b)

trend

c)

stability

d)	overlapping data

Question 18(2 points)

Cumbersome and difficult to use measurement ________ can lead to inaccurate and unreliable measurements.

Question 18 options:

a)

agreement

b)	instruments

c)

observers

d)

rulers

Question 19(2 points)

Conclusions about the differences between groups in traditional group designs use:

Question 19 options:

a)	null hypothesis

b)	probability of occurrence

c)	inferential statistics

d)	functional hypothesis

Question 20(2 points)

Which one of the following may be a disadvantage of visual analysis?

Question 20 options:

a)	Raters need to be well trained to effectively analyze data patterns.

b)	It may be less reliable than statistical analysis.

c)	It may need to include descriptive statistical analysis.

d)	None of the above.

Question 21(2 points)

Under the BACB's Ethics Code 6.11, behavior analysts do not ____ findings that might alter the interpretation of the research without relevant explanation.

Question 21 options:

a)

publish

b)	disseminate

c)

omit

d)

correct

Question 22(2 points)

A(n) _______ measure of the actual behavior of interest will always possess more validity than a(n) _______ measure.

Question 22 options:

a)	indirect, direct

b)	direct, indirect

c)	discontinuous, continuous

d)	reliable, accurate

Question 23(2 points)

Explicit behavior definitions are important in research of applied behavior analysis for all of the followingexcept:

Question 23 options:

a)	Replication by other scientists

b)	Accurate and reliable measurement of behavior

c)	Comparison of data across studies

d)	Agreement between assessment and intervention data

Question 24(2 points)

The unit of analysis of single case research in the behavioral sciences has a focus on the _________________________.

Question 24 options:

a)	single Independent variable

b)	individual case

c)	two small groups of participants

d)	an individual organism

Question 25(2 points)

Outcome criteria should be established before intervention commences for all of the following reasonsexcept

Question 25 options:

a)	To establish the target performance level

b)	To know when to terminate intervention

c)	To ensure accurate data collection

d)	To ensure agreement on outcomes among stakeholders

Question 26(2 points)

Beginning the collection of baseline data simultaneously across all dependent variables adds an important feature to multiple baseline designs. It allows the researcher to _________ that the baseline behaviors would have remained stable and unchanged if the intervention had not been implemented.

Question 26 options:

a)

predict

b)

verify

c)

replicate

d)

confirm

Question 27(2 points)

When applying visual analysis across phases, researchers need to examine all of the following except:

Question 27 options:

a)	an immediate change in level of performance on the dependent variable when there is a phase change

b)	the variability of a set of data within each phase

c)	the overall level of performance within a phase and how that compares to overall performance in other phases

d)	changes in trend subsequent to phase changes

Question 28(2 points)

One way to determine the trend of a data set is to find ______________________.

Question 28 options:

a)	percentage of non-overlapping data

b)	the split middle line ofprogress

c)	percentage of overlapping data

d)	the mean, median and range of the data

Question 29(2 points)

One primary difference between SCRD and group designs is:

Question 29 options:

a)	single case designs identify both independent and dependent variable

b)	SCRD evaluates changes in the independent variable over time

c)	group designs provide specific data for a larger number of individuals within a study

d)	group designs are responsive to adjustments over time

Question 30(2 points)

Xiu wants his supervisee, Farral, to get some experience collecting and calculating IOA data. Below is the table that outlines the data as they observed a client who is working on increasing participation skills in their life-skills program. The target behavior was how frequently the client requested help to complete a task across a 25-minute time frame divided into 5-minute intervals.

Intervals	Observer 1	Observer 2
Interval 1	III	II
Interval 2	III	IIII
Interval 3	IIIII	IIIII
Interval 4	III	II
Interval 5	IIII	III

Using the data from the table, what is theTotal Count IOA?

Question 30 options:

a)

89%

b)

40%

c)

25%

d)

34%

Question 31(2 points)

The overall direction taken by a data path is its __________________.

Question 31 options:

a)

trend

b)

rate

c)	variability

d)

level

Question 32(2 points)

You are preparing to observe Jennifer, a second-grade student who has difficulty following teacher direction and frequently wanders around the classroom. The target behavior for Jennifer is being out of her seat. What is the most appropriate method for measuring this target behavior?

Question 32 options:

a)	Event recording

b)	Interresponse time

c)

Duration

d)	Planned activity check

Question 33(2 points)

Behaviors have ________ if they affect a person's life in a positive and meaningful manner

Question 33 options:

a)	Social validity

b)	Functional application

c)	Observable benefit

d)	Normalized outcomes

Question 34(2 points)

The level change between conditions can identified by all of the following steps except for:

Question 34 options:

a)	Identify the last data point in the first phase and the first data point in the subsequent phase (i.e., the two data points separated by the phase change line on the graph

b)	Subtract the smaller value from the larger value.

c)	Note whether the change indicates an improvement, no change, or deterioration in performance.

d)	calculating the mean of each set of conditions and subtracting the baseline from the intervention condition

Question 35(2 points)

Practitioners need measurement in order to do all of the followingexcept

Question 35 options:

a)	Operationalize empiricism

b)	Identify current behavior levels

c)	Evaluate treatment

d)	make accurate decisions

Question 36(2 points)

Calculate the stability envelope for each of the treatment conditions using the 80/20 formula, in which 80% of the points within the phase are within 20% of the mean. Are the data in both treatment conditions considered stable? (You only need to calculate the last five data points in a condition).

Question 36 options:

a)	No, both B1 and B2 are variable

b)	Yes, B1 and B2 are both stable

c)	No, B1 is variable and B2 is stable

d)	No, B1 is stable and B2 is variable

Question 37(2 points)

All of the following are procedures for measuring behaviorexcept:

Question 37 options:

a)	Event recording

b)

Duration

c)	Time sampling

d)	Observation

Question 38(2 points)

The principle of beneficence outlines these two specific rules in The Belmont Report:

Question 38 options:

a)	Treat individuals as autonomous agents and protect those who are diminished.

b)	Act in fairness and provide what is deserved.

c)	Do no harm and maximize the benefits/minimize the risk of research.

d)	Provide informed consent and debrief the study after it concludes.

Question 39(2 points)

A(n) ________ definition designates responses in terms of their effect on the environment.

Question 39 options:

a)	Observable

b)	Function-based

c)	Topography-based

d)	Ecological

Question 40(2 points)

Each of the following is an advantage of visual analysis except for:

Question 40 options:

a)	it requires several replications to demonstrate functional relationships

b)	it is simple to use

c)	can reveal strong intervention effects

d)	may decrease the likelihood of error in data analysis

Question 41(2 points)

In the changing criterion design, the level of responding of each sub-phase serves as a _______ for the subsequent sub-phase.

Question 41 options:

a)	comparison

b)

baseline

c)	level line

d)	experimental control

Question 42(2 points)

Exposing participants to a range of values of an independent variable (i.e., quantity of reinforcement) is known as conducting a __________________________.

Question 42 options:

a)	Component analysis

b)	Parametric analysis

c)	Multielement analysis

d)	Statistical analysis

Question 43(2 points)

As part of a research study for an upcoming behavioral conference, a student needs to collect IOA data because she wants to present her thesis as part of a symposium session. In order to ensure that her data is reliable, she asks a BCBA colleague at her agency to collect IOA data with her. The observation is conducted over a 30-minute session that is broken down into 3-minute intervals. Below is a table with the data recorded by each observer.

Interval	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Observer 1	X	0	X	X	0	X	0	X	X	0
Observer 2	X	X	X	0	0	X	X	X	0	0

Using the data from the table, what is theInterval by Interval IOA?

Question 43 options:

a)

20%

b)

40%

c)

60%

d)

80%

Question 44(2 points)

________ measurement is consistent measurement.

Question 44 options:

a)

Reliable

b)

Valid

c)

Accurate

d)	Discontinuous

Question 45(2 points)

When designing phase changes in a changing criterion design, changes that are too large in magnitude between adjacent conditions may result in:

Question 45 options:

a)	Ratio strain

b)	Functional relationships

c)	external validity

d)	rapid behavior change

Question 46(2 points)

When determining the percentage of non-overlapping data, the treatment is considered effective if the percentage is at least:

Question 46 options:

a)

50%

b)

60%

c)

70%

d)

90%

Question 47(2 points)

Allowing subjects to gain information about the research study, their freedom to participate, decline, or withdrawal, and learn about factors regarding their willingness to participate are noted under the BACB's Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts, particularly under Section _____.

Question 47 options:

a)

6.04

b)

6.03

c)

6.02

d)

2.11

Question 48(2 points)

Group designs have limitations that can impact the conclusions of the research. Limitations include:

Question 48 options:

a)	the dependent variable is measured only once during the experiment

b)	the independent variable is measured for each case within the group

c)	the outcomes of the study are treated as discrete variables

d)	both a and c

Question 49(2 points)

The value on the vertical axis scale around which a set of behavior measures converge is called ______________.

Question 49 options:

a)

trend

b)

rate

c)	variability

d)

level

Question 50(2 points)

One significant disadvantage to a changing condition or multiple treatment design (ABC; ABAC; ABABC) is the potential for _____________________.

Question 50 options:

a)	conducting a component analysis

b)	ethical implications

c)	sequencing effects

d)	conducting a parametric analysis