Question $20$

Noah has been recently appointed head coach of a gymnasties team. The gymnasts have been

scoring lower and lower in competitions, and Noah has noticed that although the gymnasts

are very strong, their limited flexibility is getting in the way of performing at their top level.

Noah firmly believes that setting some clear and achievable flexibility goals for the upcoming

season will improve their performance. According to Goal Setting Theory, which of the

following explains WHY goal setting leads to higher performance $($the mechanism by which

goal setting works$)?$

Setting goals causes people to direct their attention, but not to expend more effort.

None of these explain why goal setting leads to better performance.

Setting goals generates a feedback loop that facilitates learning

Setting goals causes people to expend more effort and help them direct their attention

Setting goals causes people to expend more effort, although it does not help them direct their

attention