Question $2(25$ marks$)$ Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow.

Principles of systems thinking Tshepo and Thandi have to work closely together in the marketing department. Tshepo does personal selling and maintains the current customers of the organisation. Thandi is the one who orders the supplies and deliveries that were organised by Tshepo. The problem was that Tshepo$$s office was on the first floor and Thandi$$s office was on the ground floor. Every time that she had an urgent problem with a supplier or a delivery she had to walk up to Tshepo$$s office to explain the problem to him and ask him to phone the customer. To try and phone him was impossible because he was forever on the phone with clients. To send an email would take too long and customers would become unhappy if it takes too long to resolve their issues. The marketing manager suggested that they share Thandi$$s office on the ground floor which was big enough to accommodate them both. Before they could discuss the workability of the suggestion, the move was organised by the marketing manager and Tshepo$$s office was allocated to someone else who was a close friend of the marketing manager and for whom a job was created in the organisation. Initially, the plan worked, but it was not long before the problems started. Thandi$$s side of the office was as neat as a pin while Tshepo$$s side was the total opposite. Documents and files took over the floor area, dirty coffee mugs were left on the desk and Tshepo was talking loudly over the phone the whole day long. Thandi felt that she couldn$$t concentrate on her work anymore. Talking to Tshepo to ask him to talk less

Principles of systems thinking loudly and to clean up his mess, fell on deaf ears. His viewpoint was that it is part of his job. When she complained about the situation with the marketing manager, she was told to make it work. There is no other office available. She can wear earplugs to deafen the sound and focus on her work. And if the mess in the office bothers her, she can clean it up herself. About the same time that Thandi tried to clean up the office and wear earplugs, other problems started to crop up$.$ Tshepo moved into the office during summer and was mostly outside of the office during lunch times, but now that winter is approaching the office became a place where all Tshepo$$s friends would gather during lunch time. After lunch, it was expected of her to clean up all the coffee mugs and lunch boxes that were left behind. The situation became unbearable for Thandi. The whole situation was de$-$motivating her. Then one day, to everybody$$s surprise, she resigned with immediate effect. Management knew that they were going to lose customers because she was very effective in her work and relationships with the customers. The Human Resources manager made an appointment with Thandi to try and convince her to rethink her decision. Thandi explained the situation objectively without blaming anyone. She knew to blame the marketing manager, will only cause division between the departments. The decision was taken that the office will be divided with dry walling. Thandi will have her own office again.

$2\mathrm{.}1$ List and explain the $11$ principles of systems thinking. Apply them to the above scenario by using examples from the case study. $(22)$ The global environment has become increasingly complex and uncertain. Systems thinking views a system as a whole $$ one complex unit comprised of many interconnected parts. This is in contrast with conventional models of thinking that view systems as collections of individuals, and as a result, often misunderstand how the different individuals influence and interact with one another.

$2\mathrm{.}2$ Explain the greatest strengths of systems thinking.