Question $2$

$2\mathrm{.}5pts$

Based on the readings and discussions, which of the following BEST characterizes the nature of marketing strategies?

There are some strategies that always produce desirable results and some that never produce desirable results

Effective marketing strategies are always preceded by structured marketing research that attempts to understand customers' explicit needs

Marketing strategies are usually free from managerial biases

In and of itself, no marketing strategy is always effective or ineffective; the conditions surrounding a strategy affect its likely effectiveness