Question 2 (a) Projects typically require the combined efforts of a variety of specialists. Appraise the validity of this statement with a relevant explanation. (5 marks) (b) Differentiate between a Project and a Program. Illustrate each with an example. (7 marks) Explain the importance for organisations to develop a process which aligns certain projects with its strategic goals. (8 marks) State what Figure Q2(d) represents and what it is used for. (2 marks) Executing Planning Level of effort Defining Closure Start Time End Executing Defining Planning 1. Goals 1. Schedules 2. Specifications 2. Budgets 3. Tasks 3. Resources 4. Responsibilities 4. Risks 5. Staffing Closure 1. Train customer 2. Transfer documents 3. Release resources 4. Evaluation 5. Lessons leamed Figure 02d) (e) List the FOUR (4) outputs in the Executing Phase. Describe briefly each of these outputs. (8 marks) Question 3 Project managers recognise that time, cost and resource estimates must be accurate to ensure effective project planning, scheduling and controlling (Larson & Gray, 2014). (a) Discuss FIVE (5) guidelines, with rationale, for developing useful work package estimates for project planning purposes. (10 marks) (b) Explain why accurate estimates are critical to effective project management. Demonstrate the uses of estimates to further support your explanation. (10 marks) (c) Describe and contrast the FIVE (5) top-down approach of estimating. (10 marks) Question 4 You are a project manager tasked to manage Project A. The requirements of the project are as follow: There are a total of 10 activities in Project A. Activity 1 takes 3 days. Activity 2 takes 7 days and is preceded by Activity 1. Activity 3 takes 2 days and is preceded by Activity 1. Activity 4 takes 3 days and is preceded by Activity 1. Activity 5 takes 4 days and is preceded by Activity 2 and 4. Activity 6 takes 6 days and is preceded by Activity 2 and 3. Activity 7 takes 5 days and is preceded by Activity 4. Activity 8 takes 10 days and is preceded by Activity 5 and 7. Activity 9 takes 3 days and is preceded by Activity 6. Activity 10 takes 2 days and is preceded by Activity 8 and 9. (a) Apply the given information to construct a Precedence Diagram. (4 marks) (b) With the precedence diagram, construct the Project Network Diagram together with the legend. (8 marks) c) Determine how long would it take for the project to be completed. (1 mark) (d) Determine the critical path(s) for this project. (1 mark) (e) List the activity or activities with free float. (4 marks) (f) In your project team is a member who has a history of missing work due to medical reasons. Respond to this member by assigning him the most appropriate activity. Briefly explain your reason for doing so. (2 marks)