QUESTION 3 (10 Marks) 1. Why would a researcher use a quota sample? (3 Marks) 2. Julia stands on a pair of scales three times in a row. The rst time she weighs 69 kg, the second time 69 kg, and the third time 69 kg. Her real weight is 51 kg. What is the matter with the scales? A. The pair of scales is not reliable and not valid. B. The pair of scales is reliable but is not valid. C. The pair of scales is not reliable but is valid. D. The pair of scales is reliable and valid. 3. The element or set of elements that is available for selection in some stage of the sampling process is the: A. Sample. B. Sampling unit. C. Sampling frame. D. Subject. 4. A marketing manager is interested in tracing the pattern of sales of a particular product in four different regions of the country on a quarterly basis for the next 2 years. This is an example of a: A. Cross-sectional study. B. Longitudinal study. C. Exploratory study. D. Case study. 5. studies are necessary when some facts are known, but more information is needed for developing a viable conceptual framework. A. Descriptive. B. Causal. C. Experimental. D. Exploratory. 6. The biggest disadvantage of secondary data is: A. That they are not designed to meet the specific needs of the particular situation or setting. B. That it is generally more expensive to collect secondary data than primary data. C. That they are generally qualitative in nature. D. That they cannot be used for forecasting purposes. 7. The philosophical assumption that objective scientic research can uncover true cause-and- effect relationships in the world is known as: A. empiricism B. positivism C. experimentation D. realism Page 5 of6 8. Lucy examined relationships between middle-school students' self-esteem and their performance in Mathematics. Her data analysis indicated that students With higher self- esteem perform better than those with lower self este em. Her investigation further revealed that students with higher self-esteem are more Willing to invest effort in solving Math problems. In this case, the amount of effort is: A. anindependent variable B. a dependent variable C. a mediating variable D. a moderating variable Page 6 0f6