QUESTION $3$

$(20$ Marks$)$

A shop steward is regarded as a representative who advocates for union members within their workplace and is officially acknowledged by the union. Given the unique position that a shop steward occupies in trade union functions, they warrant particular recognition as a key office holder.

Discuss the critical role of the shop steward in promoting the effective operation of a trade union. Include an analysis on the trade union requirements for shop stewards as well as on the nature of the shop steward's tasks regarding the trade union activities.

QUESTION $4$

$(22$ Marks$)$

Since a closed shop agreement creates a greater infringement on an employee's freedom to association, the conditions to be met before it is binding are more stringent.

$4\mathrm{.}1$ Comment on the conditions that must be met before a closed shop agreement is binding.

$(8)$

$4\mathrm{.}2$ Discuss the implications to employees who refuse to join the trade union party to a closed shop agreement.

$(6)$

$4\mathrm{.}3$ From the employer's perspective, deduce the advantages of the closed shop agreements.

$(8)$