Question $3$

Consider Adelaide $($latitude$=34\mathrm{.}93,$ longitude$=138\mathrm{.}6,$ GMT$+9$:$30),$ the value of solar irradiance on the $31$st of January at solar noon is $0\mathrm{.}800$ kW$/$m$2$ on an horizontal plane. The maximum average ambient temperature in January is typically around $29$ C$.$

Determine:

a$)$ The standard time of solar noon in Adelaide on the $31$st of January, consider day light saving$($answer time in hours and minutes$).$

b$)$ Sun rise in standard time on that day $($answer time in hours and minutes$)$

c$)$ The irradiance in kW$/$m$2(2$ decimal points$)$ on a collector tilted at Adelaide latitude angle and facing north at solar noon. $($determine the altitude of the sun at solar noon on the $31$st January$)$

d$)$ The irradiance in kW$/$m$2(2$ decimal points$)$ on a collector tilted at Adelaide latitude angle and facing north at $9$ am standard time on the $31$st January, if the horizontal collector measures an irradiance of $0\mathrm{.}22$ kW$/$m$^2.($Tip: determine solar time and hour angle at $9$ am standard time, and then the sun altitude$).$

Consider now you installed a solar thermal flat collector in Adelaide with orientation as in c$),$ with an efficiency given by h$=0\mathrm{.}6-5*($Ti$-$Tamb$)/$G and an area of $6$m$^2.$ At the Ti$=50$ C$,$ determine

e$)$its efficiency on the $31$st of January at solar noon $($assume as Tamb the max value of ambient temperature in January$).$ Answer in $\%$ and with $1$ decimal point accuracy.

f$)$ The mass flow rate to heat water from $29$ to $70$ with the irradiance as in c$)$ and for determined efficiency as in e$).($recall water specific heat at ambient condition cp$=4\mathrm{.}18$ kJ$/($kg K$,$ and assume outlet temperature of $70$ C$))($Answer $1$ decimal point$)$

g$)$ The stagnation temperature of the same condition collector on the $31$st January at solar noon. $($Assume Tamb the maximum temperature in January$)$ kW$/$m$2($Answer $1$ decimal point$)$

You have installed in Adelaide a PV system of $1\mathrm{.}2$ kW rated power constituted of $10$ modules with length of $0\mathrm{.}6$ m and width of $1\mathrm{.}4$ m$.$ The temperature power reduction is $0\mathrm{.}5\%/$C of difference from the cell temperature $($consider Tcell$=$ Tambient$+25$C$).$

h$)$ What is the power produced by the PV system on the $31$st of January at solar noon if the module is tilted at the latitude and facing north? $($Tip: use the irradiance obtained in point c and determine the efficiency in standard condition and operating condition, considering both temperature and irradiance effects$)($Answer in kWh with $1$ decimal point$)$