Question $4$

$(12$ marks$)$

The DBMS provides operations that enhance data manipulation, support complex queries, and contribute to effective database design. Database designers can optimise data management processes and improve overall system performance by understanding and utilising them appropriately.

$4\mathrm{.}1$ Discuss the importance of various set operations in relational databases, i$.$e$.$ joins, unions, divisions, product, difference, intersection, project, and select. Illustrate any five $(5)$ of these operations with a practical scenario and explain how they contribute to effective database design.

$(10$ marks$)$

$4\mathrm{.}2$ Comment why a database designer needs a comprehensive understanding of these fundamental operations.

$(2$ marks$)$