QUESTION $4$

$($a$)$ Briefly explain the following terms associated with network threats or security defense in a distributed computing system:

$($i$)$ Buffer Overflow Attack

$($ii$)$ Distributed Denial of Service Attack $($DDoS Attack$)$

$($iii$)$ SQL Injection Attack

$($iv$)$ Man$-$in$-$the$-$middle Attack

$($v$)$ Session Hijacking Attack

$($b$)$ Cryptography is the science of keeping messages secure$.$ Explain, with an example, how it can be used in authentication to maintain confidentiality.

$(4)$

QUESTION $5$

$($a$)$ File systems are responsible for the organization, storage, retrieval, naming, sharing and protection of files. Describe FOUR requirements of distributed file systems?

$($b$)$ Describe the following technology terms, functionality, and cloud services associated with the Google cloud platform.

$($i$)$ Google file system $($GFS$)$

$($ii$)$ BigTable

$($iii$)$MapReduce