QUESTION 4 (Cause-and-Effect Diagram) Why is the waiting time so long? Construct a cause-and-effect diagram using the following four categories (4Ms) of causes: --- People (or Men): people involved with the process --- Equipment (or Machine): equipment, facilities, tools, etc. required to complete the process (Hint: In this case, one of the causes in the Equipment category is that labs are dispersed.) - Material: raw materials, parts, etc. used to produce the product or service (Hint: The material in this case is blood.) - Procedure (or Method): how the process is performed, such as procedures, rules, policies, and regulations For each category, list a few causes. (Note: The cause-and-effect diagram (also called fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram) is a causal diagram that helps identify and organize possible causes of a specific problem. It was created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968), one of the key contributors to modern quality management. Cause-and-effect diagrams have been widely used as one of the most useful tools in quality management. Below is an example of cause-and effect diagram showing the causes in the four categories for late deliveries in a pizza shop.) People Equipment Don't show up Unreliable cars Get lost Oven too small Late pizza deliveries on Fridays & Saturdays Run out of ingredients Poor handling of large orders Spoilage Poor dispatching Material Procedure (Cause-and-Effect Diagram) Choose the TWO causes in the Procedure category. O A. Delays by CBS O B. Shared lab C. Uneven daily appointments OD. Perishable inventory OE. Number of antibodies in blood OF. Dispersed facilities O G. Appointments made by patients OH. Appointments changed by patients