1. (Cause-and-Effect Diagram) Why is the waiting time so long? Construct a cause-and-effect diagram using the following four categories (4Ms) of causes: --- People (or Men): people involved with the process --- Equipment (or Machine): equipment, facilities, tools, etc. required to complete the process (Hint: In this case, one of the causes in the Equipment category is that labs are dispersed .) --- Material: raw materials, parts, etc. used to produce the product or service (Hint: The material in this case is blood.) --- Procedure (or Method): how the process is performed, such as procedures, rules, policies, and regulations For each category, list a few causes. (Note: The cause-and-effect diagram (also called fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram) is a causal diagram that helps identify and organize possible causes of a specific problem. It was created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968), one of the key contributors to modern quality management. Cause-and-effect diagrams have been widely used as one of the most useful tools in quality management. Below is an example of cause-and effect diagram showing the causes in the four categories for late deliveries in a pizza shop.) (Cause-and-Effect Diagram) Choose the TWO causes in the Procedure category.

   	A.	Perishable inventory
   	B.	Shared lab
   	C.	Number of antibodies in blood
   	D.	Appointments made by patients
   	E.	Appointments changed by patients
   	F.	Delays by CBS
   	G.	Dispersed facilities
   	H.	Uneven daily appointments