Question $4$

using equations,state the basic principles that apply to pipes in series and pipes in parallal

b$)$ A wide rectangular clean $-$ earth channel has a flow rate of $q=50\frac{m^3}{\text{s}\text{q}\text{u}\text{a}\text{r}\text{e}\text{m}\text{e}\text{t}\text{r}\text{e}}($s m$)$

i$)$ What is the critical depth?

what type of flow exists in the channel if y $=3m$

c$)$ For the cliannel in a$)$ above;n$=0\mathrm{.}022,$So$=0\mathrm{.}0048,$ and $q=50\frac{m^3}{s.m}$

If yo$=3matx=0$:

a$)$ How far aleng the channel $x=$L does it take the depth to rise to $y_L=4m?$

i$)$ Classify the surface profile $($in terms of M$1,$ M$2,$ M$3$ or S$1.$ S$2,$ S$3)$

Question $5$

Compare and Centrast between the Energy Grade Line $($Total Head Line$)$ and the Hydraulic grade Line

b$).$a concrete lined trapezoidal channel has a bed width of $3\mathrm{.}5m,$ side slopes at $45$ to th$.$ horizorital, $4$ bed slope $1$ in $1000$ and Manning's roughness coefficient of $0\mathrm{.}015.$ Calculate the depth of uniform flow when the discharge is $20\frac{m^3}{s}.$

c$)$ The velocity immediately downstream of a sluice gate, located at the bottom of a lirge reservair ia $5\mathrm{.}33\frac{m}{s}$ while the flow depth is $0\mathrm{.}0563m.$ Determine the downstream fow depth if a hydradic jump occurs. Calculate the energy dissipated in the jump in m$.$

c$)$ Thace pipes of $400mm,350mm$ and $300mm$ diameter are connected in series letween two reservoirs with a difference in level of $12m.$ The friction factors ate $0\mathrm{.}006,0\mathrm{.}00525$ and $0(1475$ respeccively, The lengths ane $200m,300m$ and $250m$ respectively. Deternine the how rate reglecting minor losses:

$($o$)$