Question 7

Complete the table below to demonstrate your knowledge of early childhood development factors.

Describe each factor and explain the impact this can have on children's development.

Factor that Impacts early childhood development	Describe this factor (e.g., what it is and when it might occur)	Explain how this factor may impact children's development
Limited brain stimulation
Poor diet
Lack of play
Inconsistent or non-existent emotional support or comfort
Lack of materials and resources
Trauma
Child abuse
Family violence
Other experiences that influence the child's ability to experience appropriate childhood activities and can have long-term harmful impacts

Question 8
a) Describe two experiences you could implement for each of the below principles of literacy development with the two age groups within the table.

Principles of Literacy Development	12-18-month age children Two experiences you would provide for this age group to support children's literacy development.	3-4-year age children Two experiences you would provide for this age group to support children's literacy development.
Learning sounds, words and language
Patterns and repetition
Rhyming & mimicking
Pre-reading skills
Early writing skills

b) List two experiences you could implement in early childhood education and care to support children to learn about each of the symbol systems listed in the table.

Symbol systems	Two experiences to support children to learn about these symbols
Letters
Numbers
Time
Money
Musical notation

Question 9

a) Explain 'learning' . Ensure your response reflects on how children learn in early childhood.

You may wish to read about learning in the Early Years Learning Framework on page 10 of theDevelopmentalMilestonesEYLFandNQS.pdf (located in your Course Attachments.zip) to guide your reflection.

b) Complete the table below for each learning style.

Learning Style	Describe the learning style and how you can tailor your teaching to suit this learning style.
Visual
Auditory
Kinaesthetic
Verbal
Logical/mathematic
Social

c) Analyse the differences between play-based learning and free play.

d) Describe below three practices that an educator can implement to support children's agency.

Question 10

a) Describe below the history of play and childhood and how this led to the development of play-based learning. In your response, ensure that you refer to at least three of the early contributors to play-based learning and their contributions. These may include (but are not limited to):

• Freidrick Froebel and his influence on childhood education
• Maria Montessori and her influence on childhood education
• Jean Piaget and her influence on childhood education
• Robert Owner and his influence on childhood education

b) Discuss how children's culture might influence the way they play.

c) Outline Article 31 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and describe how this links to the early childhood education and care context.

Question 11

Describe how individual educators can contribute to the planning of learning experiences and opportunities based on information they collect.

Question 12

Consider the following scenarios and explain how you would support the child in each situation to understand their physiological response and their learning.

Take note of the child's age to ensure your response is developmentally appropriate.

a) Scenario 1: Crying - Part 1

A 3-year-old child runs up to you, and they are crying. Through their sobs, they cradle their wrist and point to another child. You ask them to explain what happened, but they can't. They are clearly very upset and may also be injured.

Explain what support you would provide to the child in this scenario to help them understand and manage their physiological response (crying).

b) Scenario 1: Crying - Part 2

You have now helped settle the child. The child tells you that the other child they were pointing to took the shovel they were playing with, and then when they asked for it back, the child with the shovel hit them in the arm.

Explain what support you would provide to the child to help them communicate effectively with the other child.

c) Scenario 2: Tension

You are working in the 4-5-year-old room when you notice some children playing with the building blocks become frustrated with each other. One child (5 years old) tightens their fist around a block. They make a loud noise with their voice 'Ahhh', and they tense up. They look as though they are going to either throw the block or hit another child with the block.

Outline the support you would provide to help the child understand their physiological response (tension) and take ownership and responsibility for their actions.

Ensure your response is developmentally appropriate.

d) Scenario 3: Increased heart rate & shortness of breath

The 3-4-year-old room is having a visit from the police to talk with the children about being safe and knowing when they are in danger. One of the children (4 years old) asks you why their chest bumps and they can't breathe properly when they get scared.

Explain how you would respond to the child to help them to understand their physiological response (increased heart rate and shortness of breath).