Question A$1$

An operating system $($OS$)$ provides an easy way for people to interact with computers and run applications. Describe FIVE ways how OS acts as a resource manager on memory, process, and I$/$O management.

$(10$ marks$)$

Question A$2$

"The most popular proprietary operating system for personal computers is Windows. It supports a wide range of software applications using a graphical user interface."

According to the above statement, describe FIVE differences between Windows and another OS brand that is developed by Linus Torvalds and community contributors.

$(10$ marks$)$

Question A$3$

An operating system has two modes to execute a program. Name the TWO modes of execution, explain why such arrangement is there and how it works.

$(10$ marks$)$

Question A$4$

A process changes its state as it executes. Describe each state in the five$-$state process model.

$(10$ marks$)$

Question A$5$

The dining philosopher problem is a classic problem in computer science and philosophy, that illustrates the challenges of resource allocation and synchronization in operating systems.

$($a$)$ With the help of a diagram, explain the dining philosopher problem.

$(6$ marks$)$

$($b$)$ Suggest any FOUR solutions to solve the dining philosopher problem.

$(4$ marks$)$