Question:

Consider a software system for a university to manage its departments, faculty, students, and

courses. Your task is to identify and implement the appropriate relationships among the following

entities: Department, Faculty, Student, and Course. The relationships and constraints are

described below:

Department and Faculty: Each department can have multiple faculty members, but each faculty

member belongs to exactly one department. $($Consider the types of relationships and

multiplicities that would best represent this scenario.$)$

Faculty and Course: A faculty member can teach multiple courses, and a course can be taught by

one or more faculty members. $($This relationship requires careful consideration of how to

implement an $"$n$-$m$"$ association.$)$

Student and Course: A student can enroll in multiple courses, and each course can have multiple

enrolled students. $($This is another $"n-m"$ relationship that needs appropriate representation.$)$

Department and Course: Each course is offered by exactly one department, but a department

can offer multiple courses. $($Determine the type of relationship and how it differs from

aggregation and composition.$)$

Using the concepts of $"$is$-$a$",$ "has$-$a$","1-1","1-$n$","$n$-$m$",$ aggregation, and composition, design a

Java class structure that accurately models these relationships. Pay special attention to the use of

arrays, collections, or other data structures to manage the multiplicity of relationships. Also,

discuss how aggregation and composition are applied in this scenario, specifically in the context

of the lifecycle of the objects involved.