Question - In the context of solving the problem with a bottom-up dynamic programming algorithm. . . NOT NCESSARY INFORMATION For the following problem: A car must race from point A to point B along a straight path, starting with a full tank and stopping as few times as possible. A full tank lets the car travel a given distance l. There are n refuelling stations so A, z12, z22, . . . , sn B along the way, at given distances d0 = 0, d2, d1, . . . , dn from A. The distance between adjacent stations is always less than l. The problem is to find a minimum-cardinality set of stations where the car ought to refill in order to reach B from A. [7 marks] (c) Which of the two previous problems might be (a) Consider a Binary Search Tree. Imagine inserting the keys 0, 1, 2, . . . , n (in that order) into the data structure, assumed initially empty. (i) Draw a picture of the data structure after the insertion of keys up to n = 19 included. Query: Your partner needs to recruit two additional human annotators to re-mark your preparing information. For what reason could this be really smart, how might you measure arrangement in this undertaking, and how about this work on your classifier in any capacity? This example shows that texture mapping canmake simple geometry look interesting to a human observer. The images in Figure 127 next-generation banking system a number of transactions are to be scheduled to run concurrently: Debit (DAS) transactions to make payments from customer accounts to a credit card company. Interest (I) transactions to add daily interest to customer account balances. Transfer (T) transactions which first check whether the source account contains sufficient funds then either abort or continue the transfer from source to destination accounts. Customer x is running a T to transfer 1000 from A to B. Customer y is running a T to transfer 200 from B to A. (a) Discuss the potential for interference between any of these transactions. The symbol sequence produced by X represents consecutive words of a language, where S indicates whitespace. (i) Describe and provide an equation for the entropy of the language produced by the symbol sequence. [2 marks] (ii) A student observes that when a word in the language contains c it is always followed by b. Explain how this redundancy helps communication over a channel that tends to swap b with d. [2 marks] (c) Define a noisy channel and describe how it could be interpreted with respect to human language communication. 5 Concepts in Programming Languages (a) Explain what is meant by a monad in a programming language, giving the two fundamental operations of a monad along with their types. [3 marks] (b.a) Compare and contrast the struct and union keywords in C, supplying an example of a situation where it would be more appropriate to use a union rather than a struct. [4 marks] ( (iii) Templated functions in C++, giving one benefit and one drawback of using them compared with using a void* function in C. [ addReview scenario in more detail: To add a review the Gamer provides their username, the gameID (this would mean in the UI the Gamer selects the game which means the Systemoperation will get the gameID), the star rating (number) and a review text. The system will then check if the Gamer bought the game, if not they will not be allowed to submit a review. (d) Source code management tools. (e) Scrumming Write brief notes on functions as values and results in ML, illustrated with the help of the functionals map and exists. (d) Computational Linguists have hypothesised that natural languages have evolved to be both efficient and robust to noise. Do you agree? Justify your answer by referring to information theory and giving appropriate examples. [6 marks] Given a binary CSP, define what it means for a directed arc xi xj between variables xi and xj to be arc consistent. [5 marks] (c) Give an example of how a directed arc xi xj can fail to be arc consistent. Explain how this can be fixed. [2 marks] (d.ii) Describe the AC-3 algorithm for enforcing arc consistency. [5 marks] (e.ii) Prove that the time complexity of the AC-3 algorithm is O(n 2d 23 ) where d is the size of the largest domain. What can we conclude about the functional dependency Z W? Explain your answer. [4 marks] (c.ii) In the process of using functional dependencies to normalise a schema, what is meant by a lossless join decomposition and how is such a decomposition guaranteed? [4 marks] (d.ii) In schema normalisation, is Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) always to be preferred over 3rd Normal Form (4NF)? Explain your answer. [4 marks] The Compiler Construction Programming answers should be written in some notation approximating SML or OCaml. (a.a) Describe what is meant by tail recursion.