Question la) and 1b) are based on the scenario given below. Include appropriate citations of resources to support your points. 1. The pandemic has led to a significant increase in cyber threats, with a surge in Covid-19- related phishing campaigns, business email compromise, ransomware and denial-of- service attacks reported which led to data breaches and credentials being exposed. The ultimate goal of data security is to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability of critical and sensitive data. Applying the principles of the CIA triad helps organizations create an effective security program to protect their valuable assets. Confidentiality is concerned with preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information. Integrity is preventing the unauthorized or unintentional modification of information by authorized users while Availability ensures that a system's authorized users have timely and uninterrupted access to the information in the system and to the network. Depending upon the environment, application, context or use case, one of these principles might be more important than the others. a) Critically discuss FIVE (5) security approaches that can be implemented in an organization to ensure CONFIDENTIALITY of their information system during this pandemic. Support your discussion of approaches with proposition of effective implementation. (25 marks) b) Threats to availability include infrastructure failures like network or hardware issues; unplanned software downtime; infrastructure overload; power outages; and cyber attacks such as DDoS or ransomware attacks. As a newly hired CISO in StarTech.Inc, you were asked to deploy safeguards against interruptions to all systems that require continuous uptime. Propose FIVE (5) proactive steps or best security measures that can be enforced to preserve data availability. (25 marks)