QUESTION ONE $[20]$

Read the following and answer the question that follows:

A specific form of social organisation $($political$,$ economic, ideological$)$ the essence of which consist, first, in the isolation of the centre of executive power from the will and decisions of the integrity of the members of the organisations; second, in the supremacy of form over content in the activity of the organisation; and third, in the subordination of the rules of the organisation and the purpose for which a function to goals of self$-$prevention and consolidation. Bureaucracy is inherent in any society built upon social inequality and narrow ruling group.

Critically discuss the concept of bureaucracy and the impact it has on public administration.

QUESTION TWO $[25]$

$2\mathrm{.}1$ With examples, evaluate the various forms of historical political power experienced by governments. $(15)$

$2\mathrm{.}2$ From a global perspective elaborate on the issue of privatisation and nationalisation of assets. $(10)$

QUESTION THREE $[30]$

$3\mathrm{.}1$ Prepare a plan for public interaction with public administrators in terms of the new public

management approach. $(15)$

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Explain the concept of participation and its relevance to public administration relating to the

following activities:

$3\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}1$ Client$-$centred administration

$3\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}2$ Public interest groups

QUESTION FOUR $[10]$

From an international perspective, examine the taxation principles of an individual$$s personal tax.

QUESTION FIVE $[15]$

Justify the promotion of ethical governance and outline the right and freedoms that are necessary to

uphold any democracy.