QUESTION ONE $[50]$

To a degree, the reactive response to fighting corruption dilutes efforts at building national integrity. Not only does corruption undermine government institutions and their ability to deliver to society, but in the end, it is the poor that are severely affected. It is therefore not surprising that, as the significance of social values become more apparent in the fight against corruption, a strong call is emerging for the building of national integrity systems through a consolidation of societal values. This is especially true for South Africa. High levels of corruption and low integrity in the South African Public Service will negatively affect government$$s ability to meet the Millenium Development Goals $($MDGs$)$ which focus on critical areas such as halving poverty, achieving primary education, reversing the spread of HIV and AIDS and ensuring service delivery. It is therefore important to build integrity in the Public Service. The need to build integrity derives from the Constitution which mandates the PSC to promote a high standard of professional ethics by amongst others, promoting and instilling values such as accountability and transparency. An example of where accountability and transparency were not exercised emerged when the Auditor$-$General reported on government employees who have entities that are doing business with government departments.

Whilst legislation has put the necessary framework in place to promote integrity, the PSC has taken on the responsibility to operationalise it within the Public Service. A Code of Conduct for the Public Service was developed by the PSC and has been incorporated as a Chapter in the Public Service Regulations. The Code forms the cornerstone of the Public Service$$s integrity framework as it sets standards for ethical conduct. Similarly, it exemplifies the spirit in which public officials should perform their duties and points out what should be done to avoid conflicts of interest. It also indicates what is expected of public officials in terms of their personal conduct and in serving the public. In addition to the Code of Conduct for the public servants, the PSC has developed and administers a Financial Disclosure Framework for senior managers in the Public Service. This framework is aimed at preventing conflicts of interest by making it mandatory for senior managers to disclose their financial interests.

$1\mathrm{.}1$

Examine the relationship of management ethics and professionalism in the public

sector environment. $(10)$

$1\mathrm{.}2$

Elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of professionalism in the public

sector. $(20)$

$1\mathrm{.}3$

Provide a discussion on the causes of unethical conduct and measures that can be employed to prevent such conduct. $(20)$

QUESTION TWO $[20]$

Public management is used by both the government and the nonprofit sector. It uses private sector business and management approaches to manage the provision of services to the public. The goal of good public management is to optimise efficiency and effectiveness and improve customer service. Public management and administration are important for a government to roll out services to the public. It also involves the planning and setting up of policies underlying these public services.

$2\mathrm{.}1$ Explain the role public managers. $(10)$

$2\mathrm{.}2$ Elaborate on the factors that contribute to severe conflicts and misunderstanding between political office holders and senior government officials. Examples will enhance your answers. $(10)$

END OF ASSIGNMENT