QUESTION ONE

Read the article below and answer the questions that follow:

$15$ Ethical Crises in Technology that Have Industry Leaders Concerned

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Growing technologies such as artificial intelligence have incredible potential. However, they also can

come with ethical concerns, such as privacy violations and data safety. These issues must be

addressed before people can safely implement emerging technologies in their daily lives.

As industry leaders, the members of Forbes Technology Council keep a close eye on issues impacting

the field. Below, they share $15$ ethical crises they$$re concerned about and what can be done to remedy

them.

$1.$ Lack of Barriers to Fintech Entry

The proliferation of API$-$as$-$a$-$service in fintech allows for any startup to quickly enter a once$-$difficult

space. There is a world of a difference between trading and creating a retirement plan and providing

consumer education and sound financial advice. Having more than $$tools$$ is critically important to the

future success of fintech. Technology without purpose is meaningless. $-$ Leibel Sternbach, Fusion

Capital Management

$2.$ Poor Disclosure Around Personal Data Use

I think organizations need to be completely transparent about how they use personal data. More

education is required concerning how data is moved or transported and the real$-$world implications of

how data is routed. Technology companies should explain in detail the benefits customers get when

they use the service. They should disclose in plain English when the data is used for other purposes. $-$ Mark Hobbs, Fundmetric Incorporated

$3.$ Storage of Individual Genomes

Genomics platforming and personalized medicine are opening up Pandora$$s box. The ethical crisis of

having your genomes stored is a scary scenario, but it is juxtaposed with the fact that your life is at

risk and triggers the internal need to live. Personalized medicine has amazing potential to prolong life

and eliminate future diseases that an individual may be predisposed to$,$ but at what cost? $-$ Damian

Ehrlicher, Protected IT

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$4.$ Compromised Patient Data in Drug Discovery

AI is being utilized in drug discovery and as a result, patient data might get compromised. That$$s a real

challenge with so many countries racing to find a cure for Covid$-19.$ Many countries do not have strict

privacy laws like the United States$$ HIPAA. $-$ Marty Puranik, Atlantic.Net, Inc.

$5.$ Inherited Human Bias

AI is the appropriate emerging technology to be concerned about. In the end, it$$s trained by humans

and inherits our biases. This has already resulted in virtual AI judges imprisoning the innocent. In

addition, AI is often network$-$accessible and can be tricked$$as can a human$$influencing the bias

and decision$-$making of the AI to produce the desired results of the person doing the tricking. $-$ James

Carder, LogRhythm

$6.$ The Legality of Public Facial Recognition Software

One of the most topical questions of the facial recognition process is how legal the gathering and

storing of data is$.$ How legal is it to install facial recognition tech in public spaces or track our online

activity? Developing laws and regulations that both protect our privacy and make the environment we

live in safe might lift a lot of legal and ethical questions out of the way. $-$ Daria Leshchenko,

SupportYourApp Inc.

$7.$Digital Twin$$ Manipulation

As we move towards hyper$-$personalization, there are newer, smarter technologies being developed

to gather and store everything that is knowable about us$.$ With rapid progress in AI$,$ our $$digital twin$$

could easily lead to our being manipulated about decisions that are not limited to just shopping. The

only solution is to draw clearer lines and introduce stricter norms. $-$ Mayank Mishra, Contentstack

$8.$Temporary$$ Crisis Measures That Push Ethical Boundaries

Governments have a long history of introducing $$temporary$$ measures in times of crisis. These

measures always push the otherwise unacceptable boundaries one step forward. The current situation

is no different. Under the disguise of fighting pandemics, contact$-$tracing apps are here to stay. Thanks

to Google and Apple$$s Exposure Notification protocol, tracing is decentralized and on request only. $-$

Pawel Rzeszucinski, Codewise

$9.$ Valuing Money Above Human Rights

The root of all the ethical crises in technology is when money is valued above all else. Until there is a

cost$,$ tech companies will not value you as a person if money is to be made from treating you as

something less than a person. Increasingly, having a reputation for valuing people, their privacy and

human rights will make an organization stand out and even make more money in the long term. $-$

Kendall Miller, Fairwinds Ops, Inc.

$10.$ Decisions Made by Autonomous Driving Systems

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