Question1:

OFE provides organizations with a practical method to minimize these impacts in an effort to create a more sustainable society.

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False

Question at position 2

Environmental impacts of a product may include energy consumption, natural resource depletion, liquid discharges, gaseous emissions, and solid waste generation. These impacts fall into two broad categoriesenergy and materialsand both represent critical environmental problems that need to be solved.

True

False

Question at position 3

The birth of DFE is often traced to the early 1970s. Papanek (1971) challenged designers to face their social and environmental responsibilities instead of only commercial interests. The World Commission on Environment and Developments Brundtland Report (1987) first defined the term sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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False

Question at position 4

By setting the OFE agenda, the organization identifies a clear and actionable path toward environmentally friendly product design.

True

False

Question at position 5

Within the concept development phase, DFE begins by identifying the potential environmental impacts of the product over its life cycle. This enables the product development team to consider environmental impacts at the concept stage even though little or no specific data (regarding material and energy use, emissions, and waste generation) are yet available for the actual product and a detailed environmental impact assessment is not yet possible.

True

False

Question at position 6

Guidelines help product design teams to make early DFE decisions without the type of detailed environmental impact analysis that is only possible after the design is more fully specified.

True

False

Question at position 7

With physical goods, the product concept is best represented with a sketch of the geometry and configuration of physical elements; however, services include intangibles and information processing activities, and so a sketch of physical components will be a limited and incomplete description of a service.

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False

Question at position 8

The big idea of a service concept can usually be conveyed in a few words, often with a description of the sequence of events and key features.

True

False

Question at position 9

A new service concept can be constructed by selecting a solution concept (or perhaps more than one concept) from each of the columns and integrating them into an overall service offering.

True

False

Question at position 10

In the process flow diagram of the Zipcar service, process steps are shown as labeled boxes. Precedent relations between steps are shown as regular weight lines and arrows. Material flows are shown with heavy lines and arrows. Information flows are shown with dashed lines and arrows.

True

False

Question at position 11

Because of the intrinsic modularity of services, the process flow diagram is essentially a diagram of the functional elements of the service

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False

Question at position 12

In many instances, services are launched only locally, although a Web-based service can sometimes be easily deployed in a large geographic region. Location often plays a key role because of the geographic distribution of potential customers.

True

False

Question at position 13

Services are largely intangible, while physical products are tangible goods produced by manufacturing operations

True

False

Question at position 14

As a service is typically a process, creating a prototype of a service requires creating an approximation of the intended process.

True

False

Question at position 15

As with physical products, service prototypes are often labeled alpha and beta

True

False

Question at position 16

The service process flow diagram is created by listing the process steps and then by arranging them graphically to show precedence, material flows, and information flows. Typically, this is an iterative process done at a whiteboard or with pencil and paper and then captured more formally with an illustration tool such as PowerPoint.

True

False

Question at position 17

A service concept can be further elaborated with a storyboard. A storyboard is a sequence of graphical illustrations that show the key steps in a service experience

True

False

Question at position 18

The objective of the Eliminate the Environmental Impacts step and subsequent DFE iterations is to reduce or eliminate any significant environmental impacts through redesign. The process repeats until the environmental impacts have been reduced to an acceptable level and the environmental performance fits the DFE goals.

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False

Question at position 19

Each life cycle stage has its own DFE guidelines that provide product development teams with instructions (or suggestions) on how to reduce the environmental impacts of a product.

True

False

Question at position 20

DFE requires participation by many functional experts on the product development project. The typical composition of a DFE team (often a subteam within the overall project team) consists of a DFE leader, an environmental chemistry and materials expert, a manufacturing engineer, and a representative from the purchasing and supply chain organization.

True

False