Read Chapter 3.4 Cautions in Analyzing Associations, pages 137-140 on Simpson's Paradox

• With Simpson's Paradox, the inclusion of the third or lurking variable in the analysis results in a reversal of the direction of the association between the first two variables.
• Simpson's Paradox is a difference in direction between the marginal and conditional associations.
• It is a severe form of confounding in which there is a reversal in the direction of an association caused by a lurking variable.

(3) Post a description of a hypothetical study in which Simpson's Paradox could occur and name a possible (third) lurking variable. As part of your description, provide findings for the study. Provide enough detail so that your peers can provide a response for the findings and how the lurking variable may have impacted the association between the first two variables.