Read the case study From Peanuts to Prison: Applying Ethical Theories of Decision Making.

Explain how Mary should have handled the situation when pressured by Parnell. Apply the decision-making model and explain which ethical philosophy (utilitarianism, human rights and duties, or ethical relativism) guided your approach to the decision-making model. Cite sources that support/provide evidence for what you write.

From Peanuts to Prison: Applying Ethical Theories of Decision-making Journal of Critical Incidents Author Abstract This critical incident was prepared by the authors and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion. The views represented here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Society for Case Research. The views are based on professional judgment Introduction tionist and worked her way up to become quality assurance manager at a peanut processing plant owned by Peanut Corporation of America (PCA) (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 4). The plant produced industrial peanut butter and peanut base which were used by major manufacturers of consumer products containing peanuts (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 2). Mary's responsibilities in the process included product safety testing and reporting (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 36). As a consequence of her poor management decisions, along with the poor decisions of others, contaminated peanut products were manufactured and distributed by PCA. The contaminated products led to widespread serious illnesses and deaths (The United States Department of Justice, 2015). On September 19, 2014, Mary's life changed forever when she was convicted of obstruction of justice and sentenced to serve 60 months in prison followed by two years of supervised probation (The United States Department of Justice, 2015) Background PCA owned and operated three processing plants located in Georgia, Texas and Virginia (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013. p. 1). Total sales for the privately held company were approximately $30 million during 2007-2008, the last fiscal year of operations (Grand Jury Indictment 2013, p. 2). Stewart Parnell was president and an owner of PCA (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 2) After starting as a receptionist at PCA'S plant in Georgia, Mary was promoted to office manager and then quality assurance manager (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 4). As quality assurance manager, she was responsible for the testing of the plant's products to ensure they were not contaminated with bacteria or other substances which could cause illness and death (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 36). The plant Mary worked at processed peanuts into peanut butter and peanut base which were then shipped to major manufacturers of consumer products (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013. p. 2). The manufacturers used the peanut products in foods such as peanut butter crackers (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013. p. 20). s the dangers posed by salmonella contamination in the federal indictment in which Mary The production of peanut products by PCA A earch Indictment, 2013, p. 20). The production of peanut products by PCA highlights the dangers posed by salmonella contamination. In the federal indictment in which Mary. her supervisor and Stewart Parnell were accused of crimes related to their work for PCA, It was observed that, "People typically ingest salmonella through food... Salmonella infections can be life-threatening, especially for infants and young children, pregnant women and their unborn babies, older adults, and other persons with weakened immune systems" (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 10). To help ensure their products are free of contamination, peanut processors sample their production and have independent laboratories test for salmonella and other contaminants (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 10). Although Mary was responsible for product testing at the plant, she knew from emails she had received from Parnell, as well as conversations with her supervisor, that the company lost money whenever there were delays due to testing, or a batch had to be discarded because of a lab report indicating contamination (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 34). In one particular email received by Mary, her supervisor and others, Parell wrote: I am not sure anyone down there quite understands how SERIOUS this is ... these are not peanuts you are throwing away every day. IT IS MONEY... IT IS MONEY... IT IS MONEY... IT IS GOD DAMN MONEY THAT WE DO NOT HAVE BECAUSE OF HOW LONG I HAVE ALLOWED you, your crew and everyone down there to let THIS GO ON (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 34) Under such pressure from Parnell, Mary allowed shipments of peanut paste to be sent to customers without testing, falsified test results, and concealed use of foreign product for customers requiring USA-only ingredients (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, p. 36). She also created a plan to divide the processing plant into two areas to obtain separate inspection audits in order to conceal problems (Grand Jury Indictment, 2013, P. 40) Where was the FDA in all of this? According to the Office of Inspector General of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (2010), it is the responsibility of the FDA to safeguard "the Nation's food supply by ensuring that all ingredients used in food are safe and that food is free of disease causing organisms, chemicals, or other hai food facilities to ensure food safety and compliance with regulations' (p. 8). However, the number of actual inspections performed by the FDA during the time Mary worked at PCA decreased substantially (p. ii). Consequences All seemed to be going along just fine until a salmonella outbreak began in 2009. During this nationwide outbreak, more than 22,000 people were infected and nine were killed (The United States Department of Justice 2015). Through its investigative processes, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention consentified that the heakas. natin.contaminatedr duced BCA the arch 0