Read the chapter's closing case, and then answer the question.

chapter's closing case

There are numerous differences in formal and informal institutions that govern the rules of the game in different countries. For instance, in India, Amazon is not permitted to sell its own inventory, and instead must do business as a platform for Indian sellers. What is the term for the inherent disadvantage that Amazon faces in India because of its nonnative status?

a$.$ Institutional void

b$.$ Country$-$of$-$origin effect

c$.$ Liability of foreignness

d$.$ Location$-$specific advantage