Question: Recent changes in privacy laws have disallowed organizations from using Social Security numbers to identify individuals unless certain restrictions are satisfied. As a result, most

Recent changes in privacy laws have disallowed organizations from using Social Security numbers to identify individuals unless certain restrictions are satisfied. As a result, most U.S. universities cannot use SSNs as primary keys (except for financial data). In practice, Student_id, a unique identifier assigned to every student, is likely to be used as the primary key rather than SSN since Student_id can be used throughout the system. a. Some database designers are reluctant to use generated keys (also known as surrogate keys) for primary keys (such as Student_id) because they are artificial. Can you propose any natural choices of keys that can be used to identify the student record in a UNIVERSITY database? b. Suppose that you are able to guarantee uniqueness of a natural key that includes last name. Are you guaranteed that the last name will not change during the lifetime of the database? If last name can change, what solu- tions can you propose for creating a primary key that still includes last name but remains unique? c. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using generated (surro- gate) keys
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