Rephrase. Several writers have asserted that the wage payment model would require regulations more in keeping with other types of employment. For example, unionization, overtime, and health benefits may be needed if research participants are treated as workers.52 Although the extension of the employment analogy is helpful in certain respects, such as the need for safe working conditions, most individuals do not participate in studies on a long-term basis or frequently enough to justify being considered employees warranting health insurance coverage or overtime