Question: [root@EMACH1 floppy]# ls -lR .: total 14 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 May 15 17:03 alpha1 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 May 15 17:03 lost+found

[root@EMACH1 floppy]# ls -lR .: total 14 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root

[root@EMACH1 floppy]# ls -lR .: total 14 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 May 15 17:03 alpha1 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 May 15 17:03 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 May 15 17:03 somedir

lost+found: total 0

somedir: total 1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 May 15 17:03 alpha2

where alpha1 contains the letters of the alphabet in order and alpha2 contains the letters of the alphabet backwards. Print out a copy or use one provided in class. As you perform this assignment you will make annotations in the margins and elsewhere on the printout you made above.

Refer also to "Analyzing a filesystem" for an example of how a file is located in the ext2 filesystem. The assignment is for you to trace the process of locating the file /somedir/alpha2. Doing so will be much like finding the example file except you will have to visit an extra directory. As you do so annotate the trace as follows.

1. Number each block whose starting point appears in the dump. Use zero as the first block number.

2. Using a different colored pencil, number each inode whose starting point appears in the inode table portion of the dump. Use one as the first inode number.

3. Label the root directory's inode "root directory inode" in the margin.

4. Circle the field in the root directory's inode that points to its data block.

5. Draw an arrow that leads from the circled field to the first byte of that data block, where the root directory's contents reside.

6. In the margin to the right of the printed word "somedir" write the number that gives the filetype of somedir.

7. Circle, within somedir's directory entry, the field that gives the inode number for somedir.

8. Draw an arrow that leads from the circled field to the first byte of the inode for somedir.

9. Circle, within that inode, the field that leads to the first byte of the contents of somedir.

10. In the margin to the right of the printed word "alpha2" write the number that represents the filetype of alpha2

11. Circle, within the alpha2's directory entry, the field that gives the inode number for alpha2.

12. Draw an arrow that leads from the circled field to the first byte of the inode for alpha2.

13. Circle, within that inode, the field that represents the length of alpha2.

14. Circle, within that inode, the field that represents the time that alpha2's file contents last changed.

15. Circle, within that inode, the field that leads to the contents of alpha2.

16. Draw an arrow that leads from that circled field to the first byte of the contents of alpha2.

17. At the bottom of the page write "17. number of mount operations before check:" followed by that number in decimal.

18. At the bottom of the page write "18. block number of the inode bitmap:" followed by that number in decimal.

Ml 002867202 00 00 00 0c 00 0102 2e 00 000002 000000 0028688 0c 00 02 02 2e 2e 00 00 0b 00 00 00 14 000a 02.. 0028704 6c 6f 73 74 2b 66 6f 75 6e 64 00 00 0c 0000 00 lost found. 0028720 10 00 06 01616c 70 68 61 31 00 00 0d 00 00 00 alpht. 0028736 c4 03 07 02 73 6f 6d 65 64 69 72 0000 000000 A. somedir. 0028752 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0001024 b8 00 00 00 a0 05 0000 48 00 0000 74 05 0000 >.....H...t... 0001040 aa 00 0000 0100 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . 0001056 00 20 00 00 00 20 00 00 b8 00 00 00 do c3 01 3b >. D/ 0001072 d0 c3 01 3b 0100 14 00 53 ef 0100 0100 0000 A. 0001088 ce c3 01 3b 00 4e ed 00 00 00 0000 0100 0000 IA., NI.... 0001104 00 0000 00 0b 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . 0001120 02 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 10 c4 26 0c 26 7c 40 bl > A&&l@ 0001136 ad cc3f af b5c5 4a 15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >??-??J 0001152 00 0000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . 0029696 0? 00 00 00 0? 00 01 02 2? 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 > 0029712 f4 03 02 02 2e 2e 00 00 00 000000 00 00 0000 ..jjjjyyy9jjjjjjgjgjjjjjjjjjj 0033792 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0033808 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0004096 ff 3f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ij? 0004112 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f ff .jjjjjjj... 0034832 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 27 | 0005120 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ce c3 01 3b ce c3 01 3b > l 28 0005136 ce c3013b 00 00 00 00000000 00 00 000 00i... 003584000 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0035856 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0005152 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 000000 000000.. 0036864 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0036880 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 31 0005248 ed 4100 00 00 04 0000 ce c3013b d0 c3 013b >. ..IA.D 32 0005264 d0 c3013b 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 02 00 0000 >oA 0005280000000 0000 00 00 00 1c 00 0000 0000 00 00 >... 0005296 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0037888 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0037904 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 36 | 0006400 ed 41 00 00 00 30 00 00 ce c3 01 3b ce c3 01 3b >A.0??.a. iA. 0038912 00 00 00 00 0004 00 00 00 000000 0000 00 00 >... 0038928 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006432 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1d 00 0000 1e 00 00 00 . 0039936 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0039952 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006464 23 00 00 00 24 00 00 00 25 00 00 00 26 00 00 00 > # $ & D. 0006560 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 29 00 00 00 00 00 0000.... 0006576 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0041984 414243 44 45 46 47 48494a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 50ABCDEFGHIJKLMMNOP 0042000 5152 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 0a 0000000000 > QRSTUVwXYZ.. 0042016 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 000000 000000.. 0006624 00 00 00 00 23 85 56 de 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 > #st 000664000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006656 ed 4100 00 00 04 00 00 dO c3 01 3b d0 c3 013b >iA..D. 52 0006672 d0 c3 01 3b 0000 00 00 00 00 02 00 02 00 0000D. 0043008 0d 0000 000c 000102 2e 00 0000 02 000000>.. 0006688 00 00 00 00 000000 00 2a 00 0000 00 00 0000...... 0006704 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0043040 616c 70 68 6132 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >alpha2........ 0043056 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006752 00 00 00 00 24 8556 de 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >.$.VD 0006768 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 58 | 0006784 a4 81 00 00 1b 00 00 00 do c3 01 3b do c3 01 3b >x ???,.; 59 0006800 d0 c3 01 3b 00 00 00 00 00 00 0100 02 00 0000 >. 0006816 00 00 00 00 0000 00 00 2b 00 0000 0000 00 00 >... 0006832 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0044032 5a 59 58 57 56 5554 53 52 5150 4f 4e 4d 4c 4b >ZYXWVUTSROPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA. 0044064 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006880 00 00 00 00 25 85 56 de 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 > VD 0006896 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 1474560 Ml 002867202 00 00 00 0c 00 0102 2e 00 000002 000000 0028688 0c 00 02 02 2e 2e 00 00 0b 00 00 00 14 000a 02.. 0028704 6c 6f 73 74 2b 66 6f 75 6e 64 00 00 0c 0000 00 lost found. 0028720 10 00 06 01616c 70 68 61 31 00 00 0d 00 00 00 alpht. 0028736 c4 03 07 02 73 6f 6d 65 64 69 72 0000 000000 A. somedir. 0028752 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0001024 b8 00 00 00 a0 05 0000 48 00 0000 74 05 0000 >.....H...t... 0001040 aa 00 0000 0100 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . 0001056 00 20 00 00 00 20 00 00 b8 00 00 00 do c3 01 3b >. D/ 0001072 d0 c3 01 3b 0100 14 00 53 ef 0100 0100 0000 A. 0001088 ce c3 01 3b 00 4e ed 00 00 00 0000 0100 0000 IA., NI.... 0001104 00 0000 00 0b 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . 0001120 02 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 10 c4 26 0c 26 7c 40 bl > A&&l@ 0001136 ad cc3f af b5c5 4a 15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >??-??J 0001152 00 0000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . 0029696 0? 00 00 00 0? 00 01 02 2? 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 > 0029712 f4 03 02 02 2e 2e 00 00 00 000000 00 00 0000 ..jjjjyyy9jjjjjjgjgjjjjjjjjjj 0033792 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0033808 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0004096 ff 3f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ij? 0004112 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f ff .jjjjjjj... 0034832 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 27 | 0005120 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ce c3 01 3b ce c3 01 3b > l 28 0005136 ce c3013b 00 00 00 00000000 00 00 000 00i... 003584000 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0035856 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0005152 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 000000 000000.. 0036864 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0036880 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 31 0005248 ed 4100 00 00 04 0000 ce c3013b d0 c3 013b >. ..IA.D 32 0005264 d0 c3013b 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 02 00 0000 >oA 0005280000000 0000 00 00 00 1c 00 0000 0000 00 00 >... 0005296 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0037888 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0037904 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 36 | 0006400 ed 41 00 00 00 30 00 00 ce c3 01 3b ce c3 01 3b >A.0??.a. iA. 0038912 00 00 00 00 0004 00 00 00 000000 0000 00 00 >... 0038928 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006432 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1d 00 0000 1e 00 00 00 . 0039936 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0039952 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006464 23 00 00 00 24 00 00 00 25 00 00 00 26 00 00 00 > # $ & D. 0006560 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 29 00 00 00 00 00 0000.... 0006576 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0041984 414243 44 45 46 47 48494a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 50ABCDEFGHIJKLMMNOP 0042000 5152 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 0a 0000000000 > QRSTUVwXYZ.. 0042016 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 000000 000000.. 0006624 00 00 00 00 23 85 56 de 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 > #st 000664000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006656 ed 4100 00 00 04 00 00 dO c3 01 3b d0 c3 013b >iA..D. 52 0006672 d0 c3 01 3b 0000 00 00 00 00 02 00 02 00 0000D. 0043008 0d 0000 000c 000102 2e 00 0000 02 000000>.. 0006688 00 00 00 00 000000 00 2a 00 0000 00 00 0000...... 0006704 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0043040 616c 70 68 6132 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >alpha2........ 0043056 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006752 00 00 00 00 24 8556 de 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >.$.VD 0006768 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 58 | 0006784 a4 81 00 00 1b 00 00 00 do c3 01 3b do c3 01 3b >x ???,.; 59 0006800 d0 c3 01 3b 00 00 00 00 00 00 0100 02 00 0000 >. 0006816 00 00 00 00 0000 00 00 2b 00 0000 0000 00 00 >... 0006832 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0044032 5a 59 58 57 56 5554 53 52 5150 4f 4e 4d 4c 4b >ZYXWVUTSROPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA. 0044064 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 0006880 00 00 00 00 25 85 56 de 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 > VD 0006896 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.. 1474560

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