SAFETY 757 Assignment 5 Watch Ch 7-1 Introduction (1:15), Ch 7-2 Causes; Necessary and Sufficient Causes (11:31), Ch 7-3 Public Health Implications (4:47), Ch 7-4 Epidemiology and probability (3:43), Ch 8-1 Introduction (1:25), Ch 8-2 Complicating Causes (6:42), Ch 8-3 Epidemiologic studies and assessing causes (7:24), and Ch 8-4 How non-causal associations can arise (5:28). Then, complete Assignment 5. Submit as an MS Word file to D2L-Dropbox-Assignment 5. Name: 1. For each of the associations (between exposure and health outcome) given below, identify the cause type. Choose from the four types of causes -- necessary and sufficient, necessary but insufficient, unnecessary but sufficient, or unnecessary and insufficient. Explain your choice. (20 points) Example: Birth and death Necessary and sufficient. Everyone who is born will die. Everyone who dies was born. a. Unsafe sex and HIV infection b. Infection with Salmonella Typhi and typhoid fever c. Aging and menopause d. Sexual activity and pregnancy 2. You are called in to investigate an outbreak of diarrhea after a dinner party. At the dinner party there were two dishes served, rare roast beef and three-bean salad. There were 25 people at the party. Thirteen people ate the rare beef (12 did not), and 10 of them are complaining of diarrhea. Of those that did not eat the rare beef, two people report diarrhea. Furthermore, twenty people ate the threebean salad (5 did not), and 7 of them are complaining of diarrhea. Of those that did not eat the threebean salad, 5 report diarrhea. (40 points) a. Based on the information above, construct a 2 x 2 table for the exposure of rare beef and the outcome of diarrhea. Diarrhea Rare roast beef No rare roast beef Total No Diarrhea Total b. Calculate and interpret the appropriate measure of association for assessing the relationship between eating rare roast beef and getting diarrhea with its 95% confidence interval. c. Now construct a 2 x 2 table for the exposure of three-bean salad and the outcome of diarrhea. Diarrhea No Diarrhea Total Three-bean salad No three-bean salad Total d. Calculate and interpret the appropriate measure of association for assessing the relationship between eating three-bean salad and getting diarrhea with its 95% confidence interval. e. What is your preliminary conclusion about the cause of diarrhea at the picnic? f. Is the cause you selected necessary? Sufficient? Both? Neither? Please justify your answer based on the evidence given