Sam had never committed a violent act before. One day, his daughter came home from high school and said that a classmate had sexually assaulted her. Sam was enraged. He tried to contact the school administrators, but they didnt seem to care. He then tried to contact the boys parents, but they were out of town. The next day, when Sam woke up, he saw that someone had spray painted the side of his house with the word: slut. Sam became enraged again. He immediately drove to his brothers house to get a gun. He then went to work for six hours. Afterward, he drove to the boys house where he confronted him at the front door. Sam pulled out the gun and fired it at the ground. The bullet ricocheted up and killed the boy.

1. List the elements for the crimes of:
   • first-degree murder
   • voluntary manslaughter
   • involuntary manslaughter
2. Which crime is Sam likely guilty of? Apply the facts of the case to the elements of that crime, with a focus on mens rea. Strongest answers will address all three levels of mens rea