SECTION A- Multiple-choice questions. [30 marks] Answer all the questions from this section. Choose the correct answers from the best alternatives given below. 1. What does sampling mean in research______________________.

A. Identify people suitable for research

B. Sampling using your intelligence guess

C. Sampling people, a population

D. is a given number of subjects from a defined population which is representative of it

2. When a number of researchers use the same operational definition to achieve the same result, this measure is said to be _____________.

A. Factual

B. Valid

B. Internally consistent

C. Instrumental

D. Reliable

3. ___________________ uses multiple data collection methods on the same area of interest.

A. Field research

B. Triangulation

C. Variation

D. Cluster sampling

4. Closed ended questions increase the return of the questionnaires because ____________.

A. The questions are worded clearly

B. They cover all research questions

C. They are easy and quick to answer

D. They are less time consuming

5. The most frequent proportion measure in research is the _________.

A. The mean,

B. Standard deviation

C. Mode

D. Correlation

E. Percentage

6. The first step in selecting a sample is to ______________.

A. Define a population

B. Decide how to stratify the population

C. Randomly select a population

D. Determine how to randomize

7. Which of the following is of least concern to a qualitative researcher?

A. Validity

B. Trustworthiness

C. Understanding

D. Generalizability

8. In which sample technique are participants in a study selected by referral?

A. Convenience

B. Judgement

C. Quota

D. Snowballing

E. Area

9. When an observer remains separated from the setting of participants, he is described as _______________.

A. Participant observer

B. Non-participant observer

C. Observer

D. Interviewer

10. Which of the following is a disadvantage of questionnaires?

A. Respondents may answer questionnaires superficially

B. It is likely to achieve a representative sample

C. It is easy to conduct

D. It meets the common statistical procedures to analyse quantitative data

11. What are the attributes of a good researcher?

A. Reliance on observation and evidence

B. Spirit of free inquiry

C. Systematization or theorizing of knowledge

D. All of the above 12. The first step in conducting a research process is _________________.

A. Survey of related literature

B. Search sources of information to locate a problem

C. Identify a problem

D. Search for solution to the problem 13. Research is _____________________.

A. Searching for outdates and current information

B. Finding solutions to any problem

C. Working in a scientific and systematic way to search for truth on any problem

D. None of the above 14. The concepts in a hypothesis are stated as ______________________.

A. Variables

B. Populations

C. Ideas

D. Indices

E. Theories 15. The feasibility of a research should be considered in light of ______________.

A. Potential ethical considerations

B. Skills required of the researcher

C. Cost and time required to conduct the study

D. All of the above

16. Below are possible goals of an exploratory study except __________________.

A. To discover future research tasks

B. Expand understanding of a topic

C. Test hypothesis

D. Provide insight

E. Develop hypothesis 17. Which type of interview requires the least amount of skill and creativity on the part of the interviewer?

A. Unstructured

B. Structured

C. Semi structured

D. Briefing

E. Exploratory 18. When analyzing nominal data, which measure of central tendency is appropriate?

A. Mean

B. Mode

C. Median

D. Range

E. Dispersion 19. A ____________ describes how scores cluster or scatter in a distribution.

A. Mode

B. Mean

C. Median

D. Dispersion

E. Range 20. A nominal scale contains _______________________.

A. Mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive category as well as the property of order, but not distance or unique origin

B. The properties of order, classification and equal distance between points but not unique, origin

C. Mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories but without the properties of order distance and origin

D. The properties of classification, order, equal distance and unique origin

E. The four major sources of error

21. Which term below refers to the particular object/space on which a measurement is taken?

A. Population

B. Target population

C. Population elements

D. Sample

E. Sampling frame 22. Where in a survey should personal or potential sensitive questions be placed?

A. At the beginning

B. In the middle

C. Near the end

D. As a screen question

E. It does not matter 23. A ________________ is the total collection of elements about which the researcher wishes to make inferences.

A. Population

B. Target population

C. Population elements

D. Sampling frame

E. Sample 24. The Choppies group plans to send 5000 questionnaires to its employees to evaluate its human resource operations. This group of people is known as the ______________.

A. Sampling frame

B. Population

C. Census

D. Sample

E. Population element 25. Estimates of precision are possible with ___________ sample.

A. Non probability

B. Probability

C. Judgement

D. Quota

E. All of the above 26. In conducting research, the validity and reliability of data should be checked occasionally.

A. True

B. False

27. Is the following qualitative research purpose statement well stated or poorly stated? The focus of the present study was to explore distressing and nurturing encounters of patients with caregivers and to ascertain the meanings that are engendered by such encounters. The study was conducted on one of the surgical units and the gynecological units of a 200-bed community hospital

A. It is a well stated statement

B. It is poorly stated 28. A good qualitative problem statement _________________.

A. Defines the independent and dependent variables

B. Conveys a sense of emerging design

C. Specifies a research

D. Hypothesis to be tested

E. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find 29. When a researcher is working to be sure there is consistency with that which is being measured, she is focusing on _______________.

A. Validity

B. Reliability

C. Objectivity

D. Triangulation 30. Which of the following is not a random sampling technique?

A. Cluster sampling

B. Systematic sampling

C. Purposive sampling

D. Stratified sampling