Section B$-$Short Answer Questions $(15$ marks$)$Answer Three $(3)$ of Four $(4)$ short answer questionsAnswer each question in approximately $150$ words.Each question is worth $5$ marks

$1)$ Explain the theory of cognitive dissonance. $[2$ marks$]$ Then create an examplethat lllustrates the theory. $[3$ marks$]$ Be sure that your example illustrates thephenomena that occur within the confines of the theory.

$2)$ Scenario: "SafeSprng, the manufacturers of a hay fever medication, aredeveloping their $2025$ summer advertising campaign, Their medication isavailable at chemists and is designed to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever $($e$.$g$.$nasal discharge, itchy and watery eyes$).$ They are seeking your advice on thefollowing issues. What is the difference between "positive reinforcement andnegative reinforcement"? Use examples relatina to "SareSpcina" to illustrateyour answer. $[5$ marks$]$

$3)$ Scenario: An ice cream manufacturer is about to re$-$launch their $1$litre range ofice cream. The new goummet ice cream has a more creamy texture and contains$33\%$ more fruit than the original range. The new gourmet ice cream will also cost$58\%$ more than the original. The marketing message will focus on the idea thatthe new range of gourmet ice cream is "lusciously creamy with a rich fruityflavour". Explain the concept just noticeable difference' $($in$.$d$.).$ Discuss one $(1)$way that the ice cream manufacturer could use this concept in their nextmarketing campaign. $[5$ marks$]$

$4)$Scenario: Scott thought of himself as a very successful marketer. Hecreated a campaian with a product logo that was very popular and thatcustomers associated with a quality product. lt was so popular that in a fewmonths, the logo began to appear almost everywhere. Instead of increasingsales of the product, the customer demand began to decrease as competitorproducts became more successful. What characteristic of learning was mostlikely ruining Scott's apparent success? What would you recommend to helpScott? $[5$ marks$]$