Section C $$ Online Multiplayer Game and Challenges

A start$-$up company has developed an online multiplayer game. Players from around the world connect to regional servers to play. Recently, players have reported lag during gameplay, login issues, and occasional in$-$game chat malfunctions.

$($a$)$ Considering the Physical layer, if the company used low$-$quality cables for their server connections, how might this impact the game's performance?

At the Data Link layer, if the servers were not effectively implementing collision detection, how could this lead to game lag?

$($c$)$ For the Network layer, describe potential issues arising from improper routing configuration son the game servers?

$($e$)$ Discuss the importance of efficient protocol design at the Application layer for the in$-$game chat feature?