Section E: Attributable Risk and Population Attributable Risk ATTRIBUTABLE RISK: Risk can also be measured by how much a certain exposure contributes to the incidence of an outcome or disease in the exposed population. For example, in women who initiate prenatal care in the third trimester or who do not receive care at all, how much does late or no prenatal care contribute to the incidence of low birth weight in infants born to these women? The formula of attributable risk is: (Incidence of disease in exposed group) - (Incidence of disease in non-exposed group) Question: 1. Calculate the attributable risk of tobacco for low birth weight. 2. How would you interpret your result for the attributable risk of tobacco for low birth weight? POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK: The Population Attributable Risk (PAR) measures the amount or the proportion of the disease in the TOTAL POPULATION that can be attributed to a specific exposure. PAR is an important measurement for clinical practice and for public health. It helps clinicians and public health officials estimate how much the burden of disease for the entire population can be reduced by the elimination of a risk factor or exposure. The formula for PAR as an amount is: (Incidence of disease in total population) - (Incidence of disease in non-exposed group) OR [(a+c)/(a+b+c+d)][c/(c+d)] The formula for PAR as a proportion is: (Incidence of disease in total population) - (Incidence of disease in non-exposed group) Questions: 3. For the total population of African Americans and whites, calculate the Population Attributable Risk of tobacco for low birth weight as an amount. 4. For the total population of African Americans and whites, calculate the Population Attributable Risk of tobacco for low birth weight as a percent. 5. Does this provide convincing evidence that smoking cessation should be a part of prenatal care? The county health department provides you with the following race specific PAR for tobacco and low birth weight in your community: African American births : PAR of tobacco for low birth weight rate: 8% White births: PAR of tobacco for low birth weight rate: 23% 6. What are the implications of these differences in the PAR? Section E: Attributable Risk and Population Attributable Risk ATTRIBUTABLE RISK: Risk can also be measured by how much a certain exposure contributes to the incidence of an outcome or disease in the exposed population. For example, in women who initiate prenatal care in the third trimester or who do not receive care at all, how much does late or no prenatal care contribute to the incidence of low birth weight in infants born to these women? The formula of attributable risk is: (Incidence of disease in exposed group) - (Incidence of disease in non-exposed group) Question: 1. Calculate the attributable risk of tobacco for low birth weight. 2. How would you interpret your result for the attributable risk of tobacco for low birth weight? POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK: The Population Attributable Risk (PAR) measures the amount or the proportion of the disease in the TOTAL POPULATION that can be attributed to a specific exposure. PAR is an important measurement for clinical practice and for public health. It helps clinicians and public health officials estimate how much the burden of disease for the entire population can be reduced by the elimination of a risk factor or exposure. The formula for PAR as an amount is: (Incidence of disease in total population) - (Incidence of disease in non-exposed group) OR [(a+c)/(a+b+c+d)][c/(c+d)] The formula for PAR as a proportion is: (Incidence of disease in total population) - (Incidence of disease in non-exposed group) Questions: 3. For the total population of African Americans and whites, calculate the Population Attributable Risk of tobacco for low birth weight as an amount. 4. For the total population of African Americans and whites, calculate the Population Attributable Risk of tobacco for low birth weight as a percent. 5. Does this provide convincing evidence that smoking cessation should be a part of prenatal care? The county health department provides you with the following race specific PAR for tobacco and low birth weight in your community: African American births : PAR of tobacco for low birth weight rate: 8% White births: PAR of tobacco for low birth weight rate: 23% 6. What are the implications of these differences in the PAR