Set the new range as the print area. (Hint: Page Layout->Print Area->Set Print Area) Go to the Clients worksheet, which includes a table named Clients. CTC Casualty Insurance provides a discount of $10.00 per month for clients who bundle their insurance by buying more than one type of policy, such as auto and homeowners insurance. Alex wants to display the monthly payment amount, including the discount as appropriate, in the Payment column. Provide this information for Alex as follows using an IF function and structured references: In cell H4, a formula using the IF function that tests whether the value in the Bundled column ([@[Bundled?]]) is "Yes". Every hub has a remarkable identifier of four bytes which it knows. What is an information reserve and how can it contrast from a guidance store? What scheduling problem could arise here? [2 marks] (ii) How could this problem be overcome? [3 marks] (d) The designer also wishes the real-time system to use demand paged virtual memory for efficiency. A. What factual properties of memory access do reserves exploit to convey further developed execution? You are expected to plan a geography revelation convention for an organization of exchanging hubs interconnected by joins. There are n hubs, l connections, the greatest level of any hub is k and there is a way between any two hubs of not more than d bounces. Provided a variety of calling methods including call by result and call by value-result. Briefly describe the calling mechanisms just mentioned and discuss why most modern programming languages provide only call by value. [18 marks] (c) Discuss the reasons why languages such as Fortran, Algol and PL/I designed in 1950s and 1960s are less widely used than languages designed in the last 20 years. [7 marks] 3 [TURN OVER CST.2005.4.6 5 Operating Systems II (a) What problem do real-time scheduling algorithms try to solve? [1 marks] (b) Describe one static priority and one dynamic priority real-time scheduling algorithm. You should discuss the issue of admission control, and comment on the data structures that an implementation would need to maintain and on how these would be used to make scheduling decisions.are a data structure protected by a mutual exclusion lock. (i) Notice both transcribed also, consequently created grammar analysers. (c) List the terminal images and non-terminal images, and count the creation rules both in the first syntax and in the sentence structure in your response to part (b). Demonstrate the beginning image in the two sentence structures. [2 marks] (d) Define a sort or types (in C, Java, or ML) appropriate for holding a theoretical (d) Define a sort or types appropriate for holding a theoretical linguistic structure tree coming about because of your solution to part (b).[2 marks] (d) Define a sort or types (in C, Java, or ML) appropriate for holding a theoretical linguistic structure tree coming about because of your solution to part (b). (e) Give a brief and rudimentary clarification of the standards of how the language coming about because of part (b) may be utilized to make a sentence structure analyser taking a token stream as information (by means of calls to work lex()) and giving as result an theoretical language structure tree relating to part (d). Notice both transcribed also, consequently created grammar analysers. (c) List the terminal images and non-terminal images, and count the creation rules both in the first syntax and in the sentence structure in your response to part (b). Demonstrate the beginning image in the two sentence structures. [2 marks] (d) Define a sort or types (in C, Java, or ML) appropriate for holding a theoretical (d) Define a sort or types appropriate for holding a theoretical linguistic structure tree coming about because of your solution to part (b). (a) Describe the tasks that should be carried in implementing a front end for this language and any difficulties that might be encountered. [5 marks] (b) Suppose that the target virtual machine is stack-oriented and that the stack elements are integer values, and addresses can be stored as integers. Explain which other features are required in such a virtual machine. Invent a simple language of instructions for such a machine and show how it would be used to implement each of the expressions. [10 marks] (c) Suppose that the following rules are proposed as possible optimizations to be implemented in your compiler. expression simplifies to expression (fst e, snd e) e fst (e1, e2) e1 snd (e1, e2) e2 Describe how you could implement these rules so that the simplifications are made only when the program's semantics is correctly preserved. [5 marks] 5 (TURN OVER) CST.2016.3.6 5 Concepts in Programming Languages (a) Explain what is meant by a monad in a programming language, giving the two fundamental operations of a monad along with their types. 15 Software and Interface Design (a) Define briefly, for each of the following techniques, what its purpose is and how it is conducted.

(i) Regression testing (ii) A/B testing (iii) Unit testing (iv) Load testing [12 marks]

1.Describe how polled I/O works and state its disadvantages. Under what conditions is polling a sensible approach? Describe an alternative approach. (You may find it helpful to provide a few lines of psuedo code.) [4 marks] 2. Although each of these techniques can provide new information of value to a software project, costs can be reduced if information is available earlier in the design cycle. For each of the four techniques in part (a), suggest a method by which some of the resulting information could be obtained earlier in the project. [8 marks]

3.To what extent does heterogeneity in I/O systems add complexity to an operating system? [2 marks] The database needs to cope with the fact that ingredients can have different names but mean the same thing: e.g. "flour" and "plain sugar" and that "1/4 lb" and "4oz" are the same thing and equal to "100g" (and not 117g). It would be great if once I've chosen this week's menu, it could produce a shopping list I can plug into www.myfavouritesupermarket.com, and it needs to be usable by non-engineers.