Short Answer 1. The typical x86 32-bit system runs in 2. x86 64 systems use the mode. memory model. register holds an offset to an instruction location within the Code Segment. 4. and Two forms of abstraction in modern memory architecture are 5. Virtual memory pages are designed to fit into equally sized physical memory is a signal initiated by the processor caused by a situation that cannot be handied by the current application. 7. Interrupts are siowed by saving context and switching 8. Certain interrupts require a known good , for which locations are maintained in the IST. 9. IRO lines are used for nterrupts 28 10. The INT instruction is one way a system cal can be issued to the 11. The 12. Libraries and APls offer a more consistent and 13. 14. Unix-like systems adhere to the 15. The instruction can only be used in 64-bit mode to make system calls. way to issue system calls. are used in kernel initialization to facilitate abstracted management of system routies. ABI for the implementation of 64-bit systemlcals. calling convention uses the rcx register for passing parameters