Short Answer:

-What are binary files? What simple quality distinguishes binary files from text files? What Unix/Linux command(s) can be used to identify a file as binary as opposed to text.

-The -r option for the remove command rmmeans to perform the action recursively. What is recursion?

-What would be the octal pattern to set the following permissions on a file: -rwxr-x--- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 Mar 2 23:05 permissions

-Using the date command, get the current epoch date. Then subtract one billion from it and use the date command again to show the resulting date. Write down the steps you took and the value you received.