Soc 316 Methods 2

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1. the "motherhood penalty" refers to the idea that being a mother has a negative influence on wages. One study claims that being married is a suppressor variable for this relationship for white women (Budig and Hodges 2010). Draw a path diagram showing the relationships among the three variables that would imply suppression. When drawing the path diagram, assume that being married influences becoming a mother, but not the other way around.

NOTE: You can create your path diagram by hand and then upload a photo of it or you can use SmartArt in Word (or similar in another word processing program) to create the path diagram using text boxes and arrows. Just be sure that all variables are clearly labeled and that all arrows are labeled as indicating a positive or negative relationship between the two variables.

Questions

1. Bianca is reviewing the research literature on marriage and health and learns that marriage is predictive of better health outcomes on a wide range of health measures. The possibility that healthier people are more likely to get married and stay married would illustrate the important potential for ________ in this area of study.

Group of answer choices

reverse causality between the two variables

exogenous variation in the dependent variable

lagged independent variables over time

an inverse association between the two variables

2.

Reverse causality is an issue that comes up when

Group of answer choices

the dependent variable is inversely related to the independent variable.

the dependent variable is actually measured at multiple time points.

the independent variable occurs at the same time as the dependent variable.

we have our independent and dependent variables switched around.

3.

A study examines the hypothesis that women perform more unpaid household labor than men on average because women also have lower average income than men. However, the researchers are encouraged to consider the possibility of reverse causality, such that the higher average time women spend in unpaid labor predicts womens lower average income. In order to respond to this suggestion, the researchers in this study will most likely need to

Group of answer choices

be sure their data has statistical power.

select a probability sample.

use longitudinal data.

employ careful elaboration.