The Socrates II European program supports cooperation in education in eight areas, from school to higher...

 

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The Socrates II European program supports cooperation in education in eight areas, from school to higher education, from new technologies, to adult learners. Within Socrates II is the program Erasmus that was established in 1987 with the objective to facilitate the mobility of higher education students within European universities. The program is named after the philosopher, theologian, and humanist, Erasmus of Rotterdam (1465 – 1536). Erasmus lived and worked in several parts of Europe in quest of knowledge and experience believing such contacts with different cultures could only furnish a broad knowledge. He left his fortune to the University of Basel and became a precursor of mobility grants. The Erasmus program has 31 participating countries that include the 25 member states of the European Union, the three European Economic area countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway, and the current three candidate countries - Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey. The program is open to universities for all higher education programs including doctoral courses. In between the academic years 1987 – 1988 to 2003 – 2004 more than 1 million university students had spent an Erasmus period abroad and there are 2,199 higher education institutions participating in the program. The European Union budget for 2000 – 2006 is €950 million of which about €750 million is for student grants. In the academic year 2003 – 2004, the Erasmus students according to their country of origin and their country of study, or host country is given in the cross-classification Table 1 and the field of study for these students according to their home country is given in Table 2. It is the target of the Erasmus program to have a balance in the gender mix and the program administrators felt that the profile for subsequent academic years would be similar to the profile for the academic vear 2003 – 2004. Required A sample of random data for the Erasmus program for the academic year 2005 – 2006 was provided by the registrar's office and this is given in Table 3. Does this information bear out the program administrator's belief if this is tested at the 1%, 5%, and 10% significance level for a difference? Table 1 Students by field of study 2003-2004 according to home country BG CY 51 IS Subject Agricultural sciences Architecture, Planning Art and design AT ВЕ IT CZ 187 DK 18 EE FI 6 FR DE GR HU IE LV 37 156 64 398 181 81 136 3 3 14 317 877 756 128 193 1,117 1,089 260 163 32 168 54 12 30 519 762 149 75 114 30 90 9 143 306 24 56 209 182 60 47 326 1,383 651 906 31 42 7 Business studies 97 584 364 47 6,573 5,023 535 450 593 1,963 267 88 Education, Teacher training Engineering, Technology Geography, Geology 414 12 24 228 74 2 100 320 81 126 22 24 27 248 384 133 3 481 112 22 487 2,833 1,376 143 147 20 52 1,545 10 32 28 12 90 27 9. 33 259 433 46 131 66 3 12 51 206 14 Humanities 147 105 14 148 141 9 136 598 1,048 64 13 13 1,144 3,346 Languages, Philological sciences 505 603 73 15 464 346 51 316 3,321 3,528 327 248 47 305 21 1,449 Law Mathematics, Informatics 231 357 37 185 103 28 117 1,474 803 191 159 7 142 1,455 7 146 139 86 123 20 4 108 570 104 64 4 45 392 13 Medical sciences 144 349 60 12 222 115 12 291 399 1,021 172 125 4 46 1,045 Natural sciences 143 51 33 113 33 4 93 843 879 29 87 343 3 62 453 Social sciences 250 500 48 3 309 171 32 307 1,787 2,067 200 15 210 2,220 723 38 Communication and information science Other areas 112 212 19 14 44 12 100 295 425 38 23 32 5 28 30 2 91 4 8 60 166 227 43 32 8 120 4 Total 3,721 4,789 751 64 3,589 1,686 305 3,951 | 20,981 20,688 2,385 2,058 221 1,705 16,829 308 H HH Table 1 (Continued) Subject Agricultural sciences Architecture, Planning Art and design LI LT LU MT NL NO PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK EUI Total 69 264 48 80 27 112 61 37 23 566 19 23 2,717 9 37 4 2 109 19 321 232 64 18 24 854 64 96 4,893 63 241 4 3 145 69 205 386 87 38 146 169 34 905 90 902 489 6,138 Business studies 10 15 6. 1,089 275 1,342 290 3,244 1,332 29,187 Education, Teacher training Engineering, Technology Geography, Geology Humanities 4,326 14,314 2,350 5,215 21,171 56 43 11 354 92 126 215 47 15 17 602 69 163 189 9 224 112 752 479 604 106 35 3,109 424 31 269 25 84 5 158 66 147 10 6. 450 88 33 1 81 39 171 60 116 22 12 654 48 206 8 Languages, Philological sciences Law Mathematics, Informatics Medical sciences Natural sciences 92 14 7 253 84 675 334 451 84 97 2,568 121 2,875 87 6. 31 303 77 429 190 98 25 51 1,413 195 754 1 9,602 1 4,179 7,070 65 55 35 301 87 176 23 3 674 46 92 85 8 32 219 142 247 407 209 71 1,211 176 232 43 7 4 51 22 361 216 206 29 2 1,062 1,701 84 220 5,139 137 65 Social sciences Communication and 97 19 5 992 928 487 355 29 313 585 1 14,214 17 1 5 264 10 68 155 54 3 19 800 56 83 3,589 information science Other areas Total 16 162 7 221 1.482 135,586 1 85 11 53 40 2 29 32 19 1,194 138 119 4,388 1,156 6,276 3,782 3,005 682 546 20,034 2,667 7,539 10 Table 2 Erasmus students 2003-2007 by home country and host country Home Country Code AT BE ВЕ BG CY Cz 5 51 DE IS DK EE FI FR GR IE IT LV Austria AT 79 3 5 104 84 5 227 528 262 30 30 15 132 461 BE 768 306 75 Belgium Bulgaria Сургus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia 105 11 51 218 28 121 467 4 BG 52 46 14 16 136 227 62 6. 39 CY 1 14 9. 4 13 3 CZ 211 134 103 241 510 931 78 43 180 DK 70 44 2 19 2 260 302 13 3 12 36 111 EE 16 10 19 47 42 59 6. 2 26 Finland FI 229 148 5 9 126 37 35 413 654 72 162 14 11 190 9 France FR 361 420 9. 10 206 500 21 727 2,804 218 169 23 1,081 1,550 3 Germany DE 387 330 17 7 207 410 25 918 3,997 165 171 47 926 1,755 23 Greece GR 71 140 6. 8 63 45 I 116 420 356 20 2 27 248 227 Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia HU 110 98 44 201 276 566 42 15 IS 10 4 54 1 26 40 3 2 16 557 2.859 IE 35 47 6. 26 30 40 292 12 109 IT 339 633 8. 7 86 357 28 367 1,994 180 129 29 230 4 LV 8 27 13 42 18 111 2 9 Licchtenstein LI 2 3 1 1 Lithuania LT 49 70 145 180 77 294 18 10 67 Luxembourg Malta LU 17 1 2 2 1 27 39 9. MT 4 5 2 6 3 6 6. 52 Netherlands NL 98 184 44 158 7. 275 543 391 42 49 11 88 256 6 Norway Poland NO 50 28 53 15 156 190 15 17 85 () PL 159 358 362 310 855 1,870 122 74 481 Portugal Romania PT 53 250 8. 103 63 3 95 325 295 53 59 4 19 713 RO 38 163 29 33 1,125 457 87 21 448 Slovakia SK 44 50 11 52 80 191 24 2 58 Slovenia SI 59 30 19 24 62 125 6 56 3,412 Spain Sweden United Kingdom ES 298 1,054 11 169 573 12 501 2,553 178 67 21 513 4,250 SE 142 42 38 25 10 24 484 426 17 28 9 80 137 3 UK 143 117 5 4 107 136 8 233 2,303 1,127 60 31 9 21 740 EUI* Total EUR 4 1 3,161 4,513 90 62 1,298 3,396 166 4,932 20,275 16,874 1,593 951 199 3,587 12,743 65 *European University Institute, Florence Table 2 (Continued) Home Country Code LI LT LU MT NL NO PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK Total Austria AT 1 12 14 215 82 22 60 6. 16 631 305 410 3,721 Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic BE 7 3 13 377 40 69 207 30 10 9. 1,287 149 341 4,789 BG 23 34 43 9 44 751 CY 2 3 8 64 163 30 CZ 203 189 286 317 3,589 Denmark DK 4 117 27 12 15 5 259 330 1,686 Estonia EE 10 4 30 26 8 305 Finland FI 15 16 377 15 60 58 13 22 29 479 101 552 3,951 5,115 4,325 374 288 4,652 3,159 139 France FR 25 6. 43 891 246 314 167 30 40 1,062 20,981 Germany Greece DE 49 28 862 463 395 283 27 26 24 1,653 20,688 2,385 2,058 GR 1 1 5 106 17 14 90 3 2 109 Hungary Iceland HU 145 42 125 58 109 IS 13 36 2 13 221 Ircland IE 4 110 8 10 18 3 291 57 37 1,705 16.829 Italy Latvia Liechtenstein IT 1 28 71 607 156 174 766 129 29 20 5,688 399 1,511 LV 24 4 9. 32 7 308 LI 4 2 1 5 19 Lithuania LT 30 51 61 120 22 1,194 Luxembourg Malta LU () 1 () 14 3 16 138 MT 7 3 22 119 Netherlands NL 10 18 140 21 93 14 3 5 907 389 635 4,388 () 1,156 6,276 3,782 3,005 682 Norway Poland NO 78 36 0. 231 42 159 PL 294 222 546 286 337 Portugal PT 26 4 250 38 125 68 14 920 95 178 Romania 72 119 285 42 86 Slovakia SK 3 29 30 59 17 32 Slovenia SI 25 30 63 17 29 546 Spain Sweden United Kingdom 20,034 2,667 ES 24 9 1,263 200 176 24 42 992 59 32 22 670 2,974 SE 11 11 236 22 25 3. 6 370 494 UK 3 12 365 69 97 10 16 6. 1,636 238 7,539 EUI* EUR 10 Total 11 218 14 253 6,733 1,523 1,459 3,766 536 181 201 24,076 6,082 16,628 135,586 *European University Institute, Florence Table 3 Sample of Erasmus student enrollments for the academic year 2005-2006 Family name First name Home country Study area Gender Algard Alinci Andersen. Erik Gratian Norway Romania Denmark Business studies Business studies Engineering. Technology M M Birgitte Brix Hilde F Bay Bednarczyk Berberich Berculo Engler Ernst Norway Poland Social sciences F Tomasz Law M M Germany Netherlands Engineering, Technology Business studies Geography, Geology Business studies Education, Teacher training M Remi Ruwan Dorothea Folker M Germany F M Germany France Fouche Garcia Elie Miguel Spain Communication and M information science Humanities Business studies F Aurelie Sanne Lyng Guenin France Johannessen Denmark F Languages, Philological sciences Business studies Justnes Petter. Norway M Kauffeldt Ane Katrine Nikki Jan Sebastian Denmark F Keddie United Kingdom Mathematics, Informatics Business studies Business studies Business studies Agricultural sciences Engineering, Technology Humanities F Lorenz Germany M Mallet Guillaume France M Margherita Florin. Anne Sophie Italy Romania France Manzo Margincanu Miechowka Mynborg Napolitano Neilson Ou Rachbauer Sayreux M F Astrid Silvia Denmark F Italy United Kingdom Business studies Architecture, Planning F Alison F Education, Teacher training M Engineering, Technology Mathematics, Informatics Kalvin France Thomas Austria M Margaux France F Czech Republic Agricultural sciences Czech Republic Spain Sweden Seda Jiri M Natural sciences Semoradova Тores Petra Maria Teresa F Humanities F Ungerstedt Veryerken Malin Alexander Law Languages, Philological sciences Belgium M Viscardi Zawisza Alessandra Italy Poland Business studies |F F Katarzyna Business studies The Socrates II European program supports cooperation in education in eight areas, from school to higher education, from new technologies, to adult learners. Within Socrates II is the program Erasmus that was established in 1987 with the objective to facilitate the mobility of higher education students within European universities. The program is named after the philosopher, theologian, and humanist, Erasmus of Rotterdam (1465 – 1536). Erasmus lived and worked in several parts of Europe in quest of knowledge and experience believing such contacts with different cultures could only furnish a broad knowledge. He left his fortune to the University of Basel and became a precursor of mobility grants. The Erasmus program has 31 participating countries that include the 25 member states of the European Union, the three European Economic area countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway, and the current three candidate countries - Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey. The program is open to universities for all higher education programs including doctoral courses. In between the academic years 1987 – 1988 to 2003 – 2004 more than 1 million university students had spent an Erasmus period abroad and there are 2,199 higher education institutions participating in the program. The European Union budget for 2000 – 2006 is €950 million of which about €750 million is for student grants. In the academic year 2003 – 2004, the Erasmus students according to their country of origin and their country of study, or host country is given in the cross-classification Table 1 and the field of study for these students according to their home country is given in Table 2. It is the target of the Erasmus program to have a balance in the gender mix and the program administrators felt that the profile for subsequent academic years would be similar to the profile for the academic vear 2003 – 2004. Required A sample of random data for the Erasmus program for the academic year 2005 – 2006 was provided by the registrar's office and this is given in Table 3. Does this information bear out the program administrator's belief if this is tested at the 1%, 5%, and 10% significance level for a difference? Table 1 Students by field of study 2003-2004 according to home country BG CY 51 IS Subject Agricultural sciences Architecture, Planning Art and design AT ВЕ IT CZ 187 DK 18 EE FI 6 FR DE GR HU IE LV 37 156 64 398 181 81 136 3 3 14 317 877 756 128 193 1,117 1,089 260 163 32 168 54 12 30 519 762 149 75 114 30 90 9 143 306 24 56 209 182 60 47 326 1,383 651 906 31 42 7 Business studies 97 584 364 47 6,573 5,023 535 450 593 1,963 267 88 Education, Teacher training Engineering, Technology Geography, Geology 414 12 24 228 74 2 100 320 81 126 22 24 27 248 384 133 3 481 112 22 487 2,833 1,376 143 147 20 52 1,545 10 32 28 12 90 27 9. 33 259 433 46 131 66 3 12 51 206 14 Humanities 147 105 14 148 141 9 136 598 1,048 64 13 13 1,144 3,346 Languages, Philological sciences 505 603 73 15 464 346 51 316 3,321 3,528 327 248 47 305 21 1,449 Law Mathematics, Informatics 231 357 37 185 103 28 117 1,474 803 191 159 7 142 1,455 7 146 139 86 123 20 4 108 570 104 64 4 45 392 13 Medical sciences 144 349 60 12 222 115 12 291 399 1,021 172 125 4 46 1,045 Natural sciences 143 51 33 113 33 4 93 843 879 29 87 343 3 62 453 Social sciences 250 500 48 3 309 171 32 307 1,787 2,067 200 15 210 2,220 723 38 Communication and information science Other areas 112 212 19 14 44 12 100 295 425 38 23 32 5 28 30 2 91 4 8 60 166 227 43 32 8 120 4 Total 3,721 4,789 751 64 3,589 1,686 305 3,951 | 20,981 20,688 2,385 2,058 221 1,705 16,829 308 H HH Table 1 (Continued) Subject Agricultural sciences Architecture, Planning Art and design LI LT LU MT NL NO PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK EUI Total 69 264 48 80 27 112 61 37 23 566 19 23 2,717 9 37 4 2 109 19 321 232 64 18 24 854 64 96 4,893 63 241 4 3 145 69 205 386 87 38 146 169 34 905 90 902 489 6,138 Business studies 10 15 6. 1,089 275 1,342 290 3,244 1,332 29,187 Education, Teacher training Engineering, Technology Geography, Geology Humanities 4,326 14,314 2,350 5,215 21,171 56 43 11 354 92 126 215 47 15 17 602 69 163 189 9 224 112 752 479 604 106 35 3,109 424 31 269 25 84 5 158 66 147 10 6. 450 88 33 1 81 39 171 60 116 22 12 654 48 206 8 Languages, Philological sciences Law Mathematics, Informatics Medical sciences Natural sciences 92 14 7 253 84 675 334 451 84 97 2,568 121 2,875 87 6. 31 303 77 429 190 98 25 51 1,413 195 754 1 9,602 1 4,179 7,070 65 55 35 301 87 176 23 3 674 46 92 85 8 32 219 142 247 407 209 71 1,211 176 232 43 7 4 51 22 361 216 206 29 2 1,062 1,701 84 220 5,139 137 65 Social sciences Communication and 97 19 5 992 928 487 355 29 313 585 1 14,214 17 1 5 264 10 68 155 54 3 19 800 56 83 3,589 information science Other areas Total 16 162 7 221 1.482 135,586 1 85 11 53 40 2 29 32 19 1,194 138 119 4,388 1,156 6,276 3,782 3,005 682 546 20,034 2,667 7,539 10 Table 2 Erasmus students 2003-2007 by home country and host country Home Country Code AT BE ВЕ BG CY Cz 5 51 DE IS DK EE FI FR GR IE IT LV Austria AT 79 3 5 104 84 5 227 528 262 30 30 15 132 461 BE 768 306 75 Belgium Bulgaria Сургus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia 105 11 51 218 28 121 467 4 BG 52 46 14 16 136 227 62 6. 39 CY 1 14 9. 4 13 3 CZ 211 134 103 241 510 931 78 43 180 DK 70 44 2 19 2 260 302 13 3 12 36 111 EE 16 10 19 47 42 59 6. 2 26 Finland FI 229 148 5 9 126 37 35 413 654 72 162 14 11 190 9 France FR 361 420 9. 10 206 500 21 727 2,804 218 169 23 1,081 1,550 3 Germany DE 387 330 17 7 207 410 25 918 3,997 165 171 47 926 1,755 23 Greece GR 71 140 6. 8 63 45 I 116 420 356 20 2 27 248 227 Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia HU 110 98 44 201 276 566 42 15 IS 10 4 54 1 26 40 3 2 16 557 2.859 IE 35 47 6. 26 30 40 292 12 109 IT 339 633 8. 7 86 357 28 367 1,994 180 129 29 230 4 LV 8 27 13 42 18 111 2 9 Licchtenstein LI 2 3 1 1 Lithuania LT 49 70 145 180 77 294 18 10 67 Luxembourg Malta LU 17 1 2 2 1 27 39 9. MT 4 5 2 6 3 6 6. 52 Netherlands NL 98 184 44 158 7. 275 543 391 42 49 11 88 256 6 Norway Poland NO 50 28 53 15 156 190 15 17 85 () PL 159 358 362 310 855 1,870 122 74 481 Portugal Romania PT 53 250 8. 103 63 3 95 325 295 53 59 4 19 713 RO 38 163 29 33 1,125 457 87 21 448 Slovakia SK 44 50 11 52 80 191 24 2 58 Slovenia SI 59 30 19 24 62 125 6 56 3,412 Spain Sweden United Kingdom ES 298 1,054 11 169 573 12 501 2,553 178 67 21 513 4,250 SE 142 42 38 25 10 24 484 426 17 28 9 80 137 3 UK 143 117 5 4 107 136 8 233 2,303 1,127 60 31 9 21 740 EUI* Total EUR 4 1 3,161 4,513 90 62 1,298 3,396 166 4,932 20,275 16,874 1,593 951 199 3,587 12,743 65 *European University Institute, Florence Table 2 (Continued) Home Country Code LI LT LU MT NL NO PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK Total Austria AT 1 12 14 215 82 22 60 6. 16 631 305 410 3,721 Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic BE 7 3 13 377 40 69 207 30 10 9. 1,287 149 341 4,789 BG 23 34 43 9 44 751 CY 2 3 8 64 163 30 CZ 203 189 286 317 3,589 Denmark DK 4 117 27 12 15 5 259 330 1,686 Estonia EE 10 4 30 26 8 305 Finland FI 15 16 377 15 60 58 13 22 29 479 101 552 3,951 5,115 4,325 374 288 4,652 3,159 139 France FR 25 6. 43 891 246 314 167 30 40 1,062 20,981 Germany Greece DE 49 28 862 463 395 283 27 26 24 1,653 20,688 2,385 2,058 GR 1 1 5 106 17 14 90 3 2 109 Hungary Iceland HU 145 42 125 58 109 IS 13 36 2 13 221 Ircland IE 4 110 8 10 18 3 291 57 37 1,705 16.829 Italy Latvia Liechtenstein IT 1 28 71 607 156 174 766 129 29 20 5,688 399 1,511 LV 24 4 9. 32 7 308 LI 4 2 1 5 19 Lithuania LT 30 51 61 120 22 1,194 Luxembourg Malta LU () 1 () 14 3 16 138 MT 7 3 22 119 Netherlands NL 10 18 140 21 93 14 3 5 907 389 635 4,388 () 1,156 6,276 3,782 3,005 682 Norway Poland NO 78 36 0. 231 42 159 PL 294 222 546 286 337 Portugal PT 26 4 250 38 125 68 14 920 95 178 Romania 72 119 285 42 86 Slovakia SK 3 29 30 59 17 32 Slovenia SI 25 30 63 17 29 546 Spain Sweden United Kingdom 20,034 2,667 ES 24 9 1,263 200 176 24 42 992 59 32 22 670 2,974 SE 11 11 236 22 25 3. 6 370 494 UK 3 12 365 69 97 10 16 6. 1,636 238 7,539 EUI* EUR 10 Total 11 218 14 253 6,733 1,523 1,459 3,766 536 181 201 24,076 6,082 16,628 135,586 *European University Institute, Florence Table 3 Sample of Erasmus student enrollments for the academic year 2005-2006 Family name First name Home country Study area Gender Algard Alinci Andersen. Erik Gratian Norway Romania Denmark Business studies Business studies Engineering. Technology M M Birgitte Brix Hilde F Bay Bednarczyk Berberich Berculo Engler Ernst Norway Poland Social sciences F Tomasz Law M M Germany Netherlands Engineering, Technology Business studies Geography, Geology Business studies Education, Teacher training M Remi Ruwan Dorothea Folker M Germany F M Germany France Fouche Garcia Elie Miguel Spain Communication and M information science Humanities Business studies F Aurelie Sanne Lyng Guenin France Johannessen Denmark F Languages, Philological sciences Business studies Justnes Petter. Norway M Kauffeldt Ane Katrine Nikki Jan Sebastian Denmark F Keddie United Kingdom Mathematics, Informatics Business studies Business studies Business studies Agricultural sciences Engineering, Technology Humanities F Lorenz Germany M Mallet Guillaume France M Margherita Florin. Anne Sophie Italy Romania France Manzo Margincanu Miechowka Mynborg Napolitano Neilson Ou Rachbauer Sayreux M F Astrid Silvia Denmark F Italy United Kingdom Business studies Architecture, Planning F Alison F Education, Teacher training M Engineering, Technology Mathematics, Informatics Kalvin France Thomas Austria M Margaux France F Czech Republic Agricultural sciences Czech Republic Spain Sweden Seda Jiri M Natural sciences Semoradova Тores Petra Maria Teresa F Humanities F Ungerstedt Veryerken Malin Alexander Law Languages, Philological sciences Belgium M Viscardi Zawisza Alessandra Italy Poland Business studies |F F Katarzyna Business studies