solve part a, n b

A. The chart below summarizes the findings from linguist William Laboy's very famous research on R-pronunciation in New York City in the 1960s. This study was the first research linking socio-economic class to language variables and it is one of the most well-known case studies within the field of linguistics. Laboy found a correspondence between R-pronunciation and the stores that people shop at. Labov ranked the stores with socio-economic class as follows: Saks = Upper Class Macy's = Middle Class Klein = Working Class Please analyze the chart below and answer the following questions: 1. Who was most likely to drop R-sounds? Employees working at Saks, Macy's, or Klein? 2. Who was most likely to change their pronunciation of R-sounds between casual and careful pronunciation? % of r-retention 70 63 64 61 60 50 44 40 30 20 10 - Casual O o Careful Saks Macy's S. KleinB. Laboy's research led to a new field within linguistics called sociolinguistics. Following his R- pronunciation study, many other linguists conducted similar analyses. Another famous sociolinguist who did this is named Peter Trudgill. The chart below summarizes some of his findings in T-pronunciations and H-pronunciations in Norwich, England. Most American English speakers use a glottalized T-pronunciation when they say words like 'button' or 'mitten.' Instead of an alveolar T-sound like in the word 'tan', a glottalized T-sound is a stop made in the glottis (your Adam's apple). H-deletion is pronouncing words like 'head' without an h-sound (so it sounds just like the name Ed). In the chart below, responses are grouped by socio-economic class. LWC= Lower Working Class, MWC= Middle Working Class, UWC= Upper Working Class, LMC= Lower Middle Class, and MMC= Middle Middle Class Please analyze the chart below and answer the following questions: 1. What is more common in Norwich, England: T-glottalization or H-deletion? 2. Who is more likely to glottalize T-sounds: speakers from the working class or speakers from the middle class? 3. Who is more likely to delete H-sounds: speakers from the working class or speakers from the middle class? 100 90 80 70- 60. 50 O 40 Oh 30 20. 10 0- LWC MWC UWC LMC MMC % application of t-glottalization (t) and h-deletion (h)