Springer Inc. carries the following marketable equity securities on its books at December 31, 2013, and 2014. All securities were purchased during 2013 and there were no beginning balances in any market adjustment accounts.

Trading Securities:

	Cost	Market Dec. 31, 2013	Market Dec. 31, 2014
V Company	$ 50,000	$ 26,000	$ 40,000
W Company	$ 26,000	$ 40,000	$ 40,000
X Company	$ 70,000	$ 60,000	$ 50,000
Total	$ 146,000	$ 126,000	$ 130,000

Available-for-Sale Securities:

	Cost	Market Dec. 31, 2013	Market Dec. 31, 2014
Y Company	$ 420,000	$ 360,000	$ 200,000
Z Company	$ 100,000	$ 120,000	$ 240,000
Total	$ 520,000	$ 480,000	$ 440,000

The cost method is used in accounting for all investments in securities.

(1) Give the entries necessary to record the valuations for both trading and available-for-sale securites at December 31, 2013 and 2014.

(2) What net effect would these valuations have on 2013 and 2014 net income?