Step $4$: Convert host IP subnet masks

a$.$ Subnet masks, such as $255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}0,$ are also represented as dotted decimal. A subnet mask will always consist of four $8-$bit octets, each one represented as a decimal number. With the exception of decimal $0($all $8$ binary zeros$)$ and decimal $255($all $8$ binary ones$),$ each octet will have some number of ones on the left and some number of zeros on the right. Convert the $8$ possible decimal subnet octet values to binary.

Decimal

Binary

$255$

$$

$255$

$$

$255$

$$

$0$

$$

$$

Decimal

Binary

$0$

$$

$128$

$$

$192$

$$

$224$

$$

$240$

$$

$248$

$$

$252$

$$

$254$

$$

$255$

$$

$$

$$

$$

$$

$$

$$

$$

$$

b$.$ Convert the four parts of the subnet mask $255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}255\mathrm{.}0$ to binary $($above to the right$)$

Step $5$: Convert IP and MAC addresses for a host