$**$Storm$-$Water Runoff Rate and Rainfall Intensity in Civil Engineering$**$

Storm$-$water runoff rate and rainfall intensity are important factors in the design and management of storm$-$water drainage systems in civil engineering. Understanding these concepts helps in determining the capacity of the drainage system to handle the volume of storm$-$water runoff and prevent flooding.

Here is a brief explanation of storm$-$water runoff rate and rainfall intensity:

$1.**$Storm$-$Water Runoff Rate$**$: Storm$-$water runoff rate refers to the volume of water that flows over the surface and enters the drainage system during a storm event. It is influenced by various factors, including the size and slope of the drainage area, the amount of rainfall, and the land cover characteristics. The runoff rate is typically measured in cubic feet per second $($cfs$)$ or liters per second $($l$/$s$).$ Proper estimation of the runoff rate is crucial for designing the drainage system to ensure it can handle the expected flow without causing flooding or overloading.

$2.**$Rainfall Intensity$**$: Rainfall intensity refers to the rate at which rainfall is falling over a specific area. It is typically measured in inches per hour or millimeters per hour. Rainfall intensity varies depending on the storm event and the location. Higher rainfall intensity means that more water is falling within a given time period. It is an essential parameter in designing storm$-$water drainage systems as it helps determine the capacity required to handle the peak flow rates during intense rainfall events.

Objective Question:

Based on the information provided, here's an objective question for you:

What is the relationship between storm$-$water runoff rate and rainfall intensity?

A$)$ They are directly proportional B$)$ They are inversely proportional C$)$ They are not related D$)$ They fluctuate randomly

Please select the correct answer from the given choices.