1. Subjects in a verbal learning study learned two equivalently difficult words to a criterion of one complete trial through the list without error.In one condition, the subjects were tested with a vocal of the song "Tomorrow" from the musical Annie as background music; in the other condition, the song and its loudness were the same, but the music was an instrumental arrangement. The dependent variable was trials to criterion. Conditions were counterbalanced so that half of the subjects had the instrumental condition first and half had the vocal first.Were there differences in learning under the two different conditions?

SubjectVocalInstrumental

11813

2139

32217

4913

51010

61814

71621

81811

985

101913

112216

121611

132519

142015

1597

Independentvariable/s _________________________________________________

Levels of independent variable/s _________________________________________

Dependent variable/s _________________________________________________

Test to use __________________________________________________________

Does the type of background music affect the number of trials needed to learn a list of words?

Value of YOUR test statistic (from your print-out)_______

p-value from test ________________