Supply chains characterized by poor communication between stakeholders, lag time in receiving information, filtered information, and "black box" observing patterns experience what is known as the bullwhip effect. The bullwhip effect is characterized by which of the following? Select all that apply.

Group of answer choices

Lag: inventory$/$backlog swings happen later in time and increase as distance from customer increases

Amplification of inventory$/$backlog farther away from the customer

Oscillation of inventory$/$backlog

Responsiveness to changes in demand improves as distance from the ultimate customer increases