Support for threads may be provided at the user level, user threads, or by the kernel, kernel threads. User threads are managed without kernel support, whereas kernel threads are supported and managed directly by the operating system. Virtually all contemporary operating systemsincluding Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, and Solarissupport kernel threads. Ultimately, a relationship must exist between user threads and kernel threads.

• research and give examples regarding multithreading concepts and include:
  • How each multithreading model (Many-to-One, One-to-One, Many-to-Many) establishes the relationship between user threads and kernel threads
  • The primary ways of implementing a thread library
  • Your thoughts and opinions regarding each of the following:
    • The capabilities and limitations of each model
    • Why different operating systems employ different models
    • The value of thread libraries