Suppose you have been hired as a financial consultant to Defense Electronics, Inc. (DEI), a large, publicly traded firm that is the market share leader in radar detection systems (RDSs). The company is looking at setting up a manufacturing plant overseas to produce a new line of RDSs. This will be a five-year project. The company bought some land three years ago for $3.9 million in anticipation of using it as a toxic dump site for waste chemicals, but it built a piping system to safely discard the chemicals instead. The land was appraised last week for $4.7 million. In five years, the aftertax value of the land will be $5.1 million, but the company expects to keep the land for a future project. The company wants to build its new manufacturing plant on this land; the plant and equipment will cost $31.52 million to build. The following market data on DEI's securities is current:

Debt:224,000 7.4 percent coupon bonds outstanding, 25 years to maturity, selling for 109 percent of par; the bonds have a $1,000 par value each and make semiannual payments.Common stock:8,200,000 shares outstanding, selling for $70.40 per share; the beta is 1.2.Preferred stock:444,000 shares of 4 percent preferred stock outstanding, selling for $80.40 per share and and having a par value of $100.Market:6 percent expected market risk premium; 4 percent risk-free rate.

DEI uses G.M. Wharton as its lead underwriter. Wharton charges DEI spreads of 9 percent on new common stock issues, 7 percent on new preferred stock issues, and 5 percent on new debt issues. Wharton has included all direct and indirect issuance costs (along with its profit) in setting these spreads. Wharton has recommended to DEI that it raise the funds needed to build the plant by issuing new shares of common stock. DEI's tax rate is 38 percent. The project requires $1,150,000 in initial net working capital investment to get operational. Assume Wharton raises all equity for new projects externally.

a.Calculate the project's initial Time 0 cash flow, taking into account all side effects.Assume that the net working capital will not require flotation costs.(A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign.Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567.)

Cash flow