Suzanne Zeedyk, a developmental psychologist at Dundee University's School of Psychology, conducted a pilot study in...
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Suzanne Zeedyk, a developmental psychologist at Dundee University's School of Psychology, conducted a pilot study in which parents started a half-hour walk with their infants in a parent-facing or an away-facing stroller and then switched to the other type of stroller midway. Her results suggest that parents talked less to the babies, the babies had higher heart rates, and they were less likely to fall asleep in away-facing strollers than in parent-facing strollers. You are interested in testing the hypothesis that babies who travel in parent-facing strollers have different receptive vocabularies than babies who travel in away-facing strollers. You randomly assign 13 newborns to parent-facing strollers and 13 newborns to away-facing strollers. You then test the babies' receptive vocabularies at age 36 months using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), which is designed primarily to assess children's receptive vocabulary. The sample means and sums of squares of the scores for each of the groups are presented in the following table. Sample Mean 98.7 102.4 Sum of Squares 2,628.48 2,122.68 You decide to use an ANOVA at α = .05 to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the groups. The ANOVA table follows. Calculate the F-ratio and enter it into the table. Source of Variation Between Treatments Within Treatments. Total F Distribution Numerator Degrees of Freedom = 26 Denominator Degrees of Freedom = 26 Fcritical at a = .05 is 4.260 Group Away-facing Parent-facing Use the Distributions tool that follows to find Fcritical at a significance level of α = .05, the value of F that bounds the critical region for the F-ratio test statistic. Sum of Squares 88.99 4,751.16 4,840.15 t Distribution 0.00 Degrees of Freedom = 21 .5000 ANOVA Table .5000 1.00 1.000 -3.0 Degrees of Freedom 1 24 25 2.00 Use the following tool to find the critical regions for α = .05. -2.0 3.00 Mean Square 2500 Now evaluate the null hypothesis that the population means for all treatments are equal. At a significance level of a = .05, the null hypothesis is You find that you conclude that the direction that the stroller faces influences a child's receptive vocabulary at 36 months. -1.0 4.00 Now you decide to use a t test to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the groups. The estimated standard error (SM1-M2) is 5.52, so the t test statistic is .5000 88.99 197.97 5.00 .5000 .5000 0.0 -0.686 0.000 0.686 F 0.45 2500 6.00 1.0 7.00 8.00 2.0 3.0 X Suzanne Zeedyk, a developmental psychologist at Dundee University's School of Psychology, conducted a pilot study in which parents started a half-hour walk with their infants in a parent-facing or an away-facing stroller and then switched to the other type of stroller midway. Her results suggest that parents talked less to the babies, the babies had higher heart rates, and they were less likely to fall asleep in away-facing strollers than in parent-facing strollers. You are interested in testing the hypothesis that babies who travel in parent-facing strollers have different receptive vocabularies than babies who travel in away-facing strollers. You randomly assign 13 newborns to parent-facing strollers and 13 newborns to away-facing strollers. You then test the babies' receptive vocabularies at age 36 months using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), which is designed primarily to assess children's receptive vocabulary. The sample means and sums of squares of the scores for each of the groups are presented in the following table. Sample Mean 98.7 102.4 Sum of Squares 2,628.48 2,122.68 You decide to use an ANOVA at α = .05 to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the groups. The ANOVA table follows. Calculate the F-ratio and enter it into the table. Source of Variation Between Treatments Within Treatments. Total F Distribution Numerator Degrees of Freedom = 26 Denominator Degrees of Freedom = 26 Fcritical at a = .05 is 4.260 Group Away-facing Parent-facing Use the Distributions tool that follows to find Fcritical at a significance level of α = .05, the value of F that bounds the critical region for the F-ratio test statistic. Sum of Squares 88.99 4,751.16 4,840.15 t Distribution 0.00 Degrees of Freedom = 21 .5000 ANOVA Table .5000 1.00 1.000 -3.0 Degrees of Freedom 1 24 25 2.00 Use the following tool to find the critical regions for α = .05. -2.0 3.00 Mean Square 2500 Now evaluate the null hypothesis that the population means for all treatments are equal. At a significance level of a = .05, the null hypothesis is You find that you conclude that the direction that the stroller faces influences a child's receptive vocabulary at 36 months. -1.0 4.00 Now you decide to use a t test to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the groups. The estimated standard error (SM1-M2) is 5.52, so the t test statistic is .5000 88.99 197.97 5.00 .5000 .5000 0.0 -0.686 0.000 0.686 F 0.45 2500 6.00 1.0 7.00 8.00 2.0 3.0 X
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Related Book For
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
ISBN: 978-1111830991
9th edition
Authors: Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Posted Date:
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