TASK $1$: Over the years, Air Canada made significant changes to their IT department structure and outsourcing arrangements. In this question, different time periods are listed along with details on Air Canada's structure and outsourcing arrangements. You will complete this task by matching each description to the time period it best represents. Four time periods are considered: around $1994,2000,2003,$ and $2010.$ The four descriptions related to Air Canada's structure and outsourcing arrangements are:

Explicit goal of innovation as a vendor responsibility. Efforts to identify ideal vendor.

Multi$-$vendor sourcing strategy and decentralization of the IT department structure.

Hybrid IT department structure.

Total outsourcing contract with a single vendor and with a cost reduction objective. Centralized IT department structure.

TASK $2$: Air Canada made many changes to their IT department structure over the years. Some of those changes were beneficial, while others created new challenges for the company. Consider Air Canada's decision to adopt a decentralized IT structure. Then, answer the following questions:

$(1)$ What was the primary factor that led Air Canada to adopt a decentralized IT structure?

$(2)$ What new challenges emerged after the adoption of the decentralized IT structure?