Tests if specified distribution of HO matches a sample Tests if category labels in a 1. Goodness of fit 2-way classification table have some meaningful relationship to counts 2. Independence Tests if multiple unspecified 3. Homogeneity probability distributions are the same 4. DF for a two-way contingency table of X rows and Y columns v "= X - 1 - number of estimated distribution 5. DF for a goodness of fit with X cells parameters 6. As the difference between observed test statistic > critical value and expected counts increases 7. As the test statistic decreases p value increases 8. HO is rejected = (X-1)(Y-1) test statistic increases